Conditional Permanent Residence: What a Sponsored Spouse Needs to Know December 13, /12/20121 Tamar Witelson, Legal Director, METRAC Raoul Boulakia, Immigration and Refugee Lawyer, Toronto, Ontario Funded by:

METRAC METRAC, the Metropolitan Action Committee on Violence Against Women and Children  works to end violence against women, youth and children  a not-for-profit, community-based organization METRAC’s Community Justice Program  provides accessible legal information and education for women and service providers  focuses on law that affects women, from diverse backgrounds, especially those experiencing violence or abuse FLEW, Family Law Education for Women in Ontario  provides information on women’s rights and options under Ontario family law  in 14 languages, accessible formats, online and in print 13/12/20122

Presenters Tamar Witelson Legal Director, METRAC 13/12/20123 Raoul Boulakia Immigration and Refugee Lawyer, Toronto, Ontario

Topics to be Covered 1.The Old System 2.The New Law 3.How to Rely on the Exception for Abuse/Neglect 4.Concerns for Women and Children 5.What To Do If Immigration Status Is At Risk 6.Additional Resources Information is accurate as of December 13, /12/20124

The Old System 13/12/20125

The Old System Spousal/Partner Sponsorship  Canadian Citizen or Permanent Resident could apply to sponsor for permanent residence: a married spouse a common law spouse (1 year or more) a conjugal (marriage like) partner a same-sex spouse/partner a spouse/partner inside or outside of Canada 13/12/20126

The Old System Spousal/Partner Sponsorship  Requirements: Genuine relationship General admissibility of sponsored person  Approximately 16% of applications were refused  When application was approved, sponsored person became Permanent Resident  Permanent status revocable at any time if based on misrepresentation 13/12/20127

The New Law 13/12/20128

The New Law Conditional Permanent Residence Amendment to Regulations under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act Applies to:  Sponsored spouse/partner  Married or conjugal relationship with sponsor for 2 years or less at time of application for permanent residence  The couple has no children together at the time of application  Applicants inside and outside Canada In effect as of October 25, /12/20129

The New Law Conditional Permanent Residence The condition:  Sponsored spouse/partner and sponsor must co- habit in a conjugal (marriage-like) relationship for 2 continuous years after conditional permanent residence is granted  Children born after the application do not change the condition  Government computer system will record when condition applies and ends (Global Case Management System – GCMS) 13/12/201210

The New Law Conditional Permanent Residence The consequence:  If the spouse/partner leaves the relationship within 2 years, her permanent residence may be revoked, and  She may be deported, and  Any family member who became a permanent resident based on accompanying or being sponsored by the sponsored spouse may also have permanent residence revoked and be deported  Sponsor remains financially responsible for sponsorship period, even after relationship breakdown 13/12/201211

The New Law Conditional Permanent Residence The exceptions: 1.Death of sponsor 2.Sponsor Abuses or Neglects: sponsored person child of sponsored person or sponsor relative of sponsored person or sponsor who lives in their home 13/12/201212

The New Law Conditional Permanent Residence The exceptions: 3.Sponsor’s relative abuses or neglects, and sponsor fails to protect: The sponsored person A child of the sponsored person or sponsor A relative of the sponsored person or sponsor who lives in their home 13/12/201213

The New Law Conditional Permanent Residence Abuse means:  Physical abuse  Sexual abuse  Assault  Forcible confinement  Psychological abuse  Threats and intimidation  Financial abuse, fraud, taking things by force/threat (extortion) 13/12/201214

The New Law Conditional Permanent Residence Neglect means:  Failure to provide necessaries of life, such as: Food Clothing Shelter Medical care Failure to give anything that results in risk of serious harm 13/12/201215

The New Law Conditional Permanent Residence Enforcement  Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC): May do random assessments of couples May investigate tips, complaints, anonymous reports May require proof that the sponsor and sponsored person are complying with the 2 year condition CIC Operational Bulletin 480 – Conditional Permanent Residence 13/12/201216

How to Rely on the Exception for Abuse/Neglect 13/12/201217

How to Rely on the Exception for Abuse/Neglect Initial Request is made by calling Citizenship and Immigration Canada Call Centre (toll free) Consider calling with a support person Provide contact information for a confidential call, where and when you will be safe 13/12/201218

How to Rely on the Exception for Abuse/Neglect Must provide evidence of abuse/neglect  From sponsored person  From any other relevant evidence, such as: Shelter or other social support person Police report Medical report Court documents Photographs, s, voic witness Must provide evidence of conjugal cohabitation with sponsor until it stopped because of abuse/neglect 13/12/201219

How to Rely on the Exception for Abuse/Neglect Information and evidence may be provided by  Phone, , fax, mail Evidence must show abuse/neglect was the reason for relationship breakdown Must leave the relationship and home before requesting the exception for abuse/neglect Any information of abuse to, or witnessed by a child may be reported by CIC to child protection authorities or police, with or without the mother’s consent 13/12/201220

Presenters Tamar Witelson Legal Director, METRAC 13/12/ Raoul Boulakia Immigration and Refugee Lawyer, Toronto, Ontario

Concerns for Women and Children 13/12/201222

Concerns for Women and Children Common Barriers to leaving an abusive relationship: Concern about children and custody Fear of homelessness and poverty Controlling partners and other family members Attitudes of family, friends and community members Not knowing legal rights Not knowing about resources or how to find help Discrimination Comfort with English language and Canadian customs 13/12/201223

Concerns for Women and Children More Barriers to Leaving Abuse for Conditional Permanent Residents: Not knowing immigration law and personal rights Fear of deportation for self and children Fear of deportation without children Fear of deportation of sponsored relatives Burden of proving abuse/neglect Cost of gathering evidence, working with a lawyer 13/12/201224

Concerns for Women and Children The new Conditional Permanent Residence may: Trap women to stay in abusive relationships for two years or longer  Not knowing when condition applies  Not knowing about the exception  Not knowing when the condition ends Give sponsor power to threaten deportation for two years or more Give family, friends and community members power to threaten reporting that could lead to deportation 13/12/201225

Concerns for Women and Children The new Conditional Permanent Residence may: Create conditions of unfair demands and forced behaviour Create conditions of fear, helplessness, guilt Force couples to stay together despite genuine, agreed relationship breakdown Perpetuate the stigma and stereotype of “dishonest” immigrants 13/12/201226

Concerns for Women and Children The new Conditional Permanent Residence may: Harm children  Remaining in an abusive home  Facing separation from a parent after deportation  Facing deportation as a relative of a sponsored person 13/12/201227

What To Do If Immigration Status Is At Risk 13/12/201228

What To Do If Immigration Status Is At Risk Risks during Conditional Permanent Residence  Sponsor can end relationship at any time, leading to revocation of permanent resident status  Citizenship and Immigration Canada can determine the condition of permanent residence was not met  Request for exception for abuse/neglect could be denied 13/12/201229

What To Do If Immigration Status Is At Risk If Compliance with the Condition of Permanent Residence is Questione d  CIC investigates  Submissions may be made  CIC may write an inadmissibility report 13/12/201230

What To Do If Immigration Status Is At Risk If Inadmissibilty Report is Issued  Hearing at Immigration Division of Immigration and Refugee Board  Sponsored person has right to appear and make submissions  Getting a lawyer to represent you is important 13/12/201231

What To Do If Immigration Status Is At Risk If Deportation is Ordered  Sponsored person has right to appeal to Immigration Appeal Division of the Immigration and Refugee Board  May include Humanitarian and Compassionate grounds in appeal  If sponsored person loses appeal, may ask Federal Court to judicially review the decision  Getting a lawyer to represent you is important 13/12/201232

What To Do If Immigration Status Is At Risk If Deportation is Ordered, Sponsored Person may also:  Apply for Permanent Residence based on Humanitarian and Compassionate (H&C) grounds  Consider getting legal advice about a possible Refugee Claim, if she believes she is at risk of persecution in her home country  Cannot make H&C application at same time as a Refugee Claim 13/12/201233

What To Do If Immigration Status At Risk Humanitarian and Compassionate Applications Citizenship and Immigration Canada: Inland Processing Manual 5: “Officers should be sensitive where the spouse (or other family member) … leaves an abusive situation and, as a result, does not have an approved sponsorship. Officers should consider the following factors: Information indicating there was abuse such as police incident reports, charges or conviction, reports from shelters for abused women, medical reports, etc.; Whether there is a degree of establishment in Canada; The hardship that would result if the applicant had to leave Canada; The laws, customs and culture in the applicant’s country of origin; The support of relatives and friends in the applicant’s home country; and Whether the applicant has children in Canada or/and is pregnant.” 13/12/201234

What To Do If Immigration Status At Risk Facing Deportation and Child Involved A Canadian-born child cannot be deported  Mother/significant adult can make an application for permanent residence, on Humanitarian and Compassionate (H&C) grounds  H&C applications must take into account the “best interests of the child” 13/12/201235

What To Do If Immigration Status At Risk Other Considerations a person seeking sponsorship could consider:  waiting to apply until relationship is more than 2 years  waiting to apply until after a child of the couple is born 13/12/201236

Presenters Tamar Witelson Legal Director, METRAC 13/12/ Raoul Boulakia Refugee and Immigration Lawyer, Toronto, Ontario

Additional Resources 13/12/201238

Resources (Domestic Violence and Abuse) For information, if your partner is abusive or violent: Assaulted Women’s Helpline  24 hours/7 days; multiple languages  Toll-free: ; TTY: Victim Services Directory Abuse is Wrong in Any Language (available in 16 languages and Braille) FLEW (Family Law Education for Women) Resources page FODF (Femmes Ontariennes et Droit de la Familles) www. undroitdefamille.ca/ 13/12/201239

Resources (Domestic Violence and Abuse) For information, if your partner is abusive or violent: Legal Aid Ontario  Available to every immigration status  Free telephone interpretation services for languages other than English and French  Toll-free: ; TTY: Family Violence Authorization Program (Legal Aid Ontario)  Free 2-hour emergency meeting with a lawyer  Offered through some shelters and community legal clinics  Toll-free: ; TTY: /12/201240

Resources (Immigration) Find a community legal clinic near you Community & Specialty Legal Clinics  Centre for Spanish Speaking Peoples  Metro Toronto Chinese and Southeast Asian Legal Clinic  Refugee and Immigrants Information Centre Toronto  South Asian Legal Clinic of Ontario FCJ Refugee Centre  Canadian Association of Refugee Lawyers /12/2012

Resources (Immigration) Refugee Law Office  Refugee Lawyers Association of Ontario Canadian Council for Refugees   Directory of immigrant and refugee serving organizations in your area Settlement.org  Information and answers on settling in Ontario 4213/12/2012

Resources (Immigration) Citizenship and Immigration Canada  Call Centre Toll-free: ‑ 2100  TTY: ‑ 8502  More Contacts: Ministry of Citizenship and Immigration (Ontario)  Find information about citizenship and immigration in Ontario  General Inquiry: (416)  Toll-free:  TTY: Canada.ca  Find available immigrant and refugee serving organizations in your area 4313/12/2012

Resources (Family) Assaulted Women’s Helpline  Toll-free: ; TTY:  Toronto: Legal Aid Ontario  Toll-free: ; TTY:  Toronto: (accepts collect calls) Family Law Information Program (FLIP) Family Law Information Centres (FLICs) Family Law Services Centres (FLSCs) Ontario Women’s Justice Network (OWJN) FLEW (Family Law Education for Women) FODF (Femmes Ontariennes et Droit de la Familles) /12/2012

Resources (General) Law Society of Upper Canada Lawyer Referral Service  Toll-free:  Toronto:  TTY: Justice Net  Reduced fee lawyers for low income people not eligible for Legal Aid Toolkit for a good Client-Lawyer Relationship schliferclinic.com/vars/legal/pblo/toolkit.htm  Barbra Schlifer Commemorative Clinic Ministry of the Attorney General  Toll free:  TTY: /12/2012