Causes of the Renaissance

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Presentation transcript:

Causes of the Renaissance

Stinger How does the painting at the right, by Raphael in Renaissance Italy, represent the rebirth of Greek learning?

The parenthetical names are the contemporary characters from whom Raphael is thought to have drawn his likenesses. 1: Zeno of Citium 2: Epicurus Possibly, the image of two philosophers, who were typically shown in pairs during the Renaissance: Heraclitus, the "weeping" philosopher, and Democritus, the "laughing" philosopher. 3: unknown (believed to be Raphael)[14] 4: Boethius or Anaximander or Empedocles? 5: Averroes 6: Pythagoras 7: Alcibiades or Alexander the Great? 8: Antisthenes or Xenophon or Timon? 9: Raphael,[14][15][16] Fornarina as a personification of Love[17] or Francesco Maria della Rovere? 10: Aeschines or Xenophon? 11: Parmenides? (Leonardo da Vinci) 12: Socrates 13: Heraclitus (Michelangelo) 14: Plato (Leonardo da Vinci) 15: Aristotle (Giuliano da Sangallo) 16: Diogenes of Sinope 17: Plotinus (Donatello?) 18: Euclid or Archimedes with students (Bramante?) 19: Strabo or Zoroaster? (Baldassare Castiglione) 20: Ptolemy? R: Apelles (Raphael) 21: Protogenes (Il Sodoma, Perugino, or Timoteo Viti)[18]

What is the Renaissance? Rebirth Explosion of New Ideas & Learning

Rebirth Explosion of New Ideas & Learning Rediscovery of Classical Greek & Roman Culture Humanism—worth of Individual Secularism—worldly not religious

Causes of the Italian Renaissance Crusades Control of Mediterranean Trade

Crusades Control of Mediterranean Trade Sophistication of Italian City-States Growth of Banking & Trade

Crusades Control of Mediterranean Trade Sophistication of Italian City-States Growth of Banking & Trade Excess Wealth: de Medici family of Florence Printing Press

Italian v. Northern Renaissance Italy North

Italian Italy Rome, Florence, Venice Mediterranean Trade De Medici Michelangelo, Da Vinci, Raphael

Italian v. Northern Renaissance Amsterdam, Antwerp, London Rhine & Thames Rivers Jacob Fugger Jan Van Eyck, Brueghel

Italian v. Northern Renaissance Italy Rome, Florence, Venice Mediterranean Trade De Medici Michaelangelo, Da Vinci, Raphael North Amsterdam, Antwerp, London Rhine & Thames Rivers Jacob Fugger Jan Van Eyck, Brueghel

Renaissance Political Intrigue

Machiavellian Intrigue Wrote The Prince studied the politics of Florence, Venice & Rome analyzed use of power, force, & Deception How to book for future leaders Including... Niccolo Machiavelli

De Medici Family of Florence Cosimo & Lorenzo city improvements patron of the arts peace & prosperity vs. Franciscan Friar banned gambling, swearing, etc. burned books & paintings Savonarola

The Borgia: First Italian Crime Family Pope Alexander VI bribery, extortion, nepotism, torture Casare Borgia (son) multiple murders, mercenary Lucrezia Borgia (daughter) incest? What really happened to her husbands?

Effects of the Renaissance

Renaissance Art perspective light & motion study of human form emotion & drama new subject matter>secularism science & mathematics composition & balance changing perspective of man & his role in the world unique vision of each artist

Effects of the Renaissance Advances in Science & Technology led to the European Exploration of the World Secularism led to the Protestant Reformation Humanism encouraged the growth of Democracy & the Fight for Human Rights Role of Women in Society Improved Renaissance Art led to the Age of Classical Music and Art in Europe

Questions for Machiavelli Excerpt 1. According to Machiavelli, what should a prince be an expert at? 2. If a prince has the skills from #1, what will it guarantee him? 3. What does it mean to think “more of ease”? 4. Explain this statement: “how one lives is so far distant from how one ought to live”. 5. What does a prince need to know how to do and when to use it? 6. Why can’t a person entirely possess all the characteristics of good? 7. Explain your opinion on this question with reasons: “whether it is better to be loved than feared or feared than loved?” 8. Does Machiavelli seem to have faith in human nature? Why or why not? 9. What is Machiavelli’s position on #7? 10. Why is love not a strong enough bond for loyalty according to Machiavelli? 11. Explain the delicate balance described in the last sentence. 12. Do you believe this 16th century document is still relevant in politics today? Why or why not?