Social Studies 10 Lesson 3 Treaty of Versailles
Do Now Answer the following on a piece of paper: Did drawing pictures of terms help you to remember them? Do you think it’s easier to learn vocabulary this way?
What do you know? Look at your notecards Read Pages 410-417 and look at your notes to make sure you understand the causes and events of World War I. Use 10 of your vocabulary notecard words to write a brief summary about the causes of World War I and what happened during the war. Make sure that when I read your answer, I understand that you know what each term means.
Share what you wrote with your group Take 10 minutes to share what you wrote with your group members. Decide who you think has the best summary to share with the class.
So now that we know how the war started and what happened…. What happened AFTER the war?
Treaty A treaty is a peace agreement. Have you ever gotten in a fight with someone? How did you make peace? How do you think countries make peace treaties after war? Do you think that after a peace agreement is made, both sides are completely happy? Take 3-5 minutes to answer in your journals
Guiding Questions What were the aims and motives of the victorious powers of WWI in drawing up the Treaty of Versailles? Was the treaty fair to both sides?
Motives for the treaty: The Trauma of WWI WWI caused a huge number of casualties: deaths or injuries
% of Casualties by country Russia: sent 12,000,000 troops 76.3% were killed or hurt France: sent 8.410,000 troops 76.3% were killed or hurt Britain sent 8,904,467 troops 35.8% were killed or hurt Germany sent 11,000,000 troops 64.9% were killed or hurt The U.S. sent 4,355,000 troops 8.2 %were killed or hurt
What do you notice about the % of Russian and German casualties? Russia: sent 12,000,000 troops 76.3% were killed or hurt - Germany sent 11,000,000 troops 64.9% were killed or hurt
Before and after in France A hotel before:
And after….. http://www.gwpda.org/photos/bin12/imag1130.jpg
Village Hall Before…. http://www.gwpda.org/photos/bin12/imag1140.jpg
And after….. http://www.gwpda.org/photos/bin12/imag1141.jpg
Courthouse Before…. http://www.gwpda.org/photos/bin12/imag1143.jpg
After….. http://www.gwpda.org/photos/bin12/imag1144.jpg
Answer the following questions in your journal: 1. How do you feel when you see these images? 2. Why is it significant that major buildings like the courthouse, city hall, and hotels were destroyed 3. How long do you think it would take to re-build these buildings and communities? 4. How much do you think it would cost? 5. Can a community EVER really recover from such destruction?
Based on what you have learned today… How do you think France’s goals for treaties (peace agreements) might differ from U.S. goals? What would France want from Germany, the country that destroyed so much of their land? Would those desires be reasonable or fair?
U.S. perspective: Why do you think the U.S. may have a more idealistic perspective on how to resolve things between countries after the war?
They didn’t lose as much! No battles fought on US land Not nearly as many casualties from the U.S.
VENN DIAGRAM U.S.A. France Both -Many soldiers hurt or killed in WWI -A lot of land and cities were destroyed -Wanted a very harsh punishment for Germany Part of the Allied Powers Went to peace talks at the Treaty of Versailles -Not very many soldiers hurt or killed in WWI -No battles fought on U.S. ground -Wanted “Peace without Victory” -Wanted to go “easy” on Germany Both
Drawing up the treaty The leaders of Italy, France, Great Britain and Woodrow Wilson from the U.S. led talks to answer 2 questions 1. How can we prevent future wars? 2. and who should take responsibility for the damage of World War I?
I. The Big Four
The Big Four The leaders of Italy, France, Great Britain, and the United States all met to talk about peace after World War I.
I. The Big Four United States – Wilson 1.“Peace without victory”: no winner or loser – treat all countries fairly 2. 14 Points A. fourteen ideas B. plan to prevent future wars 3. “Stubborn” and Idealist no bargaining or negotiations (compromise) perfect vision of the future.
The 14 Points Here are just a few of Wilson’s points: End secret deals between nations Keep neutral ships safe at sea during war European nations should all be treated fairly Different nations should have the right to form their own nations. Self Determination. Form the League of Nations: Organization of nations that worked for world peace and to stop wars before they started
I. The Big Four B. France – Clemenceau 1. Alsace-Loraine: province that Germany took in 1871- France wanted it back! 2. Harsh treatment of Germany
Answer in your journal: Why do you think France wanted such a harsh punishment for Germany after World War I?
Why harsh treatment of Germany? 1. France was hurt a lot by the war – Western Front 2. Weak Germany won’t attack France in the future. = =
I. The Big Four C. Great Britain – Lloyd George 1. Moderate punishment of Germany Moderate – middle, not extreme (reasonable) Some punishment – Why? They didn’t have as many casualties (deaths or injuries and weren’t as hurt as France)
BUT Great Britain still wanted to protect the Empire A. Larger empire on earth B. Great Britain DIDN’T agree with self determination: the right of countries to form their own nation states. WHY? Because then they would lose some land
I. The Big Four D. Italy – Orlando 1. Lands from Austria-Hungary – land and islands Before WWI – Triple Alliance Switch sides after WWI starts 2. Left Conference in anger 3. Get little at final treaty
Resolutions? Compromise for Wilson http://finickypenguin.files.wordpress.com/2008/02/compromise.jpg
NOT all nations agreed with the 14 Points. The most important point for Wilson was setting up the League of Nations. SO he was willing to agree to harsher punishment for Germany than he would have liked. http://knowledgenews.net/moxie/moxiepix/a1907.jpg
The League of Nations Group of countries to prevent future wars Americans didn’t want to join even thought Wilson was the one who wanted it!
WHY? Americans didn’t want to get involved in Europe’s problems. No USA Yes to Germany
The Treaty of Versailles The bad side of compromise Compromise – decision after bargaining No one is happy
Self-Determination Definition: right of different nationalities to form their own nation states instead of being easily taken over by other countries In Europe ONLY…British empire is safe. New countries in Eastern Europe
What happened to Germany? 1. Lost all African and Asian Colonies
Army cut down to 100,000 http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51APZ0CP4KL._SL500_AA240_.jpg
Weapons Reduction ONLY Germany 100,000 soldiers No navy No air force
No more building submarines! http://farm1.static.flickr.com/15/21349370_929360c6d6.jpg?v=0
Return land to France And create buffer zone: area where Germany was never allowed to put soldiers. In France this land was the Rhineland.
Very Harsh (or mean) to Germany: Germany had to take FULL BLAME for starting the War. anti-historical Germany hated this!!! http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y164/wteach/demotivational/blame.jpg
Reparations 37 billion USD (around 1 trillion USD) money paid by losers to winner of a war 37 billion USD (around 1 trillion USD) hurt German economy
Germans couldn’t afford to pay http://www.clipartheaven.com/clipart/money/empty_pockets.gif
Answer the following in your journal How do you think Germany felt after World War I?
What happened to Europe? World War I changed Europe a lot. 1. Germany and Austria-Hungary lost a lot of land 2. And Russia also lost a lot of land - 5 new countries were created with the land that Russia!
Ottoman Empire http://www.dartmouth.edu/~gov46/ottoman-empire-1580.gif
Lands in Southwest Asia Became mandates: under the control of another country. Syria became a French mandate Iraq and Palestine became British mandates
Homework Read through pages 418-422 in your book and make picture notecards for the following terms: Fourteen Points Self-determination League of Nations Buffer Zone Reparations Mandates
Next Time Review!