THE BRAIN FEUD

The neurotransmitter crosses a gap to bind to another neuron, this process is known as: SYNAPSE

While the action potential is occurring, the neuron cannot respond to another stimulus no matter how great, what is this period called? ABSOLUTE REFRACTORY PERIOD

This is a spider-web like membrane that follows the contour of dura. It does not tuck into each crevice, but rides over the ridges. What is it called? ARACHNOID

This lobe is involved in movement, orientation, recognition and perception of sensory stimulation. What is it called? PARIETAL LOBE

Indentations or crevices on the surface of the cerebrum are called: SULCI

This separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe: SYLVIAN FISSURE or LATERAL SULCUS

The line of demarcation between the frontal and parietal lobes is called: ROLANDIC FISSURE or CENTRAL SULCUS

This divides the two hemispheres along the midline: THE MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL FISSURE

Deep within the Medial Longitudinal Fissure (MLF) is a ridge of white nerve fibers that connect the two hemispheres. What is it called? CORPUS CALLOSUM

This area of the brain acts like a Traffic Cop for sensory and motor signals: THALAMUS

What is the name of the test that determines hemisphere dominance? WADA TEST

Name the three parts of the brainstem: MIDBRAIN PONS MEDULLA OBLONGATA

The waxing and waning of alpha and slow rolling eye movements are indicative of? DROWSINESS

What is one of the main indicators of Stage II Sleep? SLEEP SPINDLES

During REM, which sleep stage should the background activity most resemble? STAGE 1

The number of times a wave occurs in one second determines its: FREQUENCY

The faster the frequency the _________ the duration: SHORTER

4 – 7 Hertz = ? THETA

How is amplitude measured? PEAK TO PEAK; IN MILLIMETERS (mm)

The strength of a signal is called? VOLTAGE

When waveforms have an abrupt onset and cessation it is considered: PAROXYSMAL

Transient, Monomorphic, Complex and Polymorphic are all descriptors for: MORPHOLOGY

What is the term used when 2 channels sharing a common electrode deflect in opposite directions at the same time? PHASE REVERSAL

This normal variant of delta intermixed with alpha is seen in children and young adults with posterior predominance, it attenuates with eye opening and disappears in sleep: POSTERIOR SLOW WAVES OF YOUTH

This normal variant can be blocked by an actual or imagined contralateral limb movement: MU RHYTHM

Seen in the awake state with eyes open and scanning the room or reading: LAMBDA

10 x 0.37 is the formula for: TIME CONSTANT

“CMRR” stands for: COMMON MODE REJECTION RATIO

Sensitivity is measured in: MICROVOLTS PER MILLIMETER (uV/mm)

Voltage is measured in: MICROVOLTS (uV)

Amplitude is measured in? MILLIMETERS (mm)

In EEG, one second equals how many milliseconds? 1,000 msec

What is another name for High Frequency Filter? LOW PASS FILTER

This is seen primarily in the central head region and is bilaterally symmetrical, it first appears in Stage II sleep and consists of a sharp, slow wave usually associated with sleep spindles: K-COMPLEX

Less than 2 Hertz delta occupying 20– 50% of the page with amplitude of >75uV represents what Sleep Stage? STAGE III

Less than 2 Hertz delta occupying 50% of the page with an amplitude of >75uV represents what Sleep Stage? STAGE IV

This is seen 70 – 90 minutes after sleep onset: REM

What does ‘RMTD” stand for? RHYTHMIC MIDTEMPORAL THETA OF DROWSINESS (rarely seen, normal variant)

This is a rare, normal variant that comes in bursts of 4-7 Hz, usually <1 sec posterior maximal, seen in young adults in drowsiness and disappear in sleep. Small spikes <50 uV followed by a low voltage slow wave: 6 HERTZ SPIKE AND WAVE

What does “BETS” stand for? BENIGN EPILEPTIFORM TRANSIENTS OF SLEEP

These slow, transients are first seen in drowsiness and have sharp surface elements, they are focal at CZ: VERTEX WAVES

11 – 15 Hz, seconds in duration, usually between uV, first seen in Stage II Sleep, spindle like bursts that crescendo: SLEEP SPINDLES

Seizure Type

Brief episodes of impaired awareness, usually staring: TYPICAL ABSENCE SEIZURES

Sudden loss of muscle tone in a limb or over the entire body: ATONIC

Sudden shock-like jolt to one or more muscle which increases muscle tone and causes movement: MYOCLONIC

These begin with simultaneous loss of consciousness and stiffening of the body, followed by rhythmic jerks: TONIC CLONIC SEIZURES

These seizures cause a change in the muscle activity and may involve jerking or stiffening of a part of the body: FOCAL MOTOR

These seizures may cause abnormal function in any of the five senses: SENSORY SEIZURES

These seizures affect involuntary functions and may cause a rapid heartbeat or breathing rate, sweating, or an unpleasant sensation in the abdomen, chest, throat, or head: AUTONOMIC

These seizures may affect perception and memory or stimulate emotions such as fear: PSYCHIC

This seizure type is accompanied by impaired consciousness and recall. May also involve staring, automatic behaviors such as lip smacking, chewing, fumbling with clothes, picking, walking, grunting, repetition of words or phrases, or other symptoms and signs: COMPLEX PARTIAL SEIZURE

EEG was first discovered in 1924 by a man named: HANS BERGER

Name the two main types of artifacts: PHYSIOLOGIC AND NON-PHYSIOLOGIC

This artifact is time locked to the QRS Complex and can look like Periodic Spikes or Sharp Waves: CARDIOGENIC (EKG)

This artifact is probably due to the electrode sitting on a small artery: PULSE

The Cornea has a ______ charge and the retina has a ______ charge: POSITIVE; NEGATIVE

This artifact can be seen when the patient is drowsy or when the patient’s eyes move side to side: LATERAL EYE MOVEMENTS

Outer Canthus electrodes will best display: LATERAL EYE MOVEMENTS

What are the names of the skull landmarks in the International Measuring system? NASION INION LEFT PREAURICULAR POINT AND RIGHT PREAURICULAR POINT

According to ACNS guidelines, Electrode Impedance should not exceed: 5000 Ohms (5 KOhms)

What do differential amplifiers do? AMPLIFIES THE DIFFERENCE IN ELECTRICAL POTENTIALS BETWEEN TWO INPUTS AND REJECTS POETNTIALS COMMON TO BOTH INPUTS

What does the HFF do? ATTENUATES HIGH (FAST) FREQUENCIES AND DOES NOT ALTER LOW (SLOW) FREQUENCIES

What is the duration of a spike? 20 – 70 msec

What is the duration of a sharp wave? 70 – 200 msec

What does FIRDA stand for? FRONTAL INTERMITTENT RHYTHMIC DELTA ACTIVITY

Name the three layers of meninges: DURA MATER ARACHNOID PIA MATER

What is it called when a patient knows what he wants to say but he cannot get his words out or they come out all garbled? EXPRESSIVE APHASIA

The Internal Carotid Arteries bifurcate into the: ANTERIOR AND MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERIES

The vertebral arteries join together to form the: BASILAR ARTERY

How many of the 12 cranial nerves are both motor and sensory? FOUR TRIGEMINAL V FACIAL VII GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL IX VAGUS

Presented by: Elizabeth Fischetti, R. EEG T. Renee Krebs, R. EEG T. Eileen Hyde, BS, R. EEG T., CNIM, CLTM

References Fundamentals of EEG Technology- Volume 1- Basic Concepts and Methods by Fay S. Tyner, John R. Knott, W. Brem Mayer, Jr. EEG Fundamentals- Larry Head Institute