Definition A cause and effect diagram that represents the problem as the head of the fish and the bones as the contributory causes. Also known as Ishikawa diagrams or cause and effect diagrams

Purposes To break down ( in successive layers of details) root causes that potentially contribute to a particular effect Identifying possible causes for a problems.

Step to create Ishikawa diagram Create a head, which lists the problem or issue to be studied. Create a backbone for the fish (straight line which leads to the head). Identify at least four “causes” that contribute to the problem. Connect these four causes with arrows to the spine. These will create the first bones of the fish. Brainstorm around each “cause” to document those things that contributed to the cause. Use the 5 Whys or another questioning process such as the 4P’s (Policies, Procedures, People and Plant) to keep the conversation focused. Continue breaking down each cause until the root causes have been identified.

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