HOUSES, HOUSEHOLD AMENITIES & ASSETS AMONG FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS HIGHLIGHTS FROM CENSUS 2011 D R. C. CHANDRAMOULI Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

After the conclusion of Census of India 2011, Tables on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets have been released in March 2012 Selected tables from the above compilation are now released classified by sex of the Head of the Households for the first time in the history of Census. These tables will help to provide an insight into the living conditions of the Female Headed Households in the country. Tables on Houses, Household Amenities & Assets

1.Predominant materials of roof and wall 2.Predominant material of floor 3.Type of structure of the census house occupied 4.Ownership status, Household size and number of dwelling room 5.Source and location of drinking water and availability of electricity & latrine 6.Availability of bathing facility and type of drainage connectivity for waste water outlet 7.Availability of separate kitchen and fuel used for cooking 8.Availability of type of latrine facility 9.Availing banking services and households having each of the specified assets Today’s Release Tables on Houses, Household Amenities & Assets for Female Headed Households (FHHs)

All these tables are available for Total population, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Total, Rural and Urban residence Level: Country, State, District, Sub-district, Town Up to District level for SC/ST Tables Today’s Release Tables on Houses, Household Amenities & Assets for Female Headed Households (FHHs)

A 'household' is usually a group of persons who normally live together and take their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevent any of them from doing so. The persons in a household may be related or unrelated or a mix of both. Definition of a ‘Household’

The head of the household for Census purposes is a person who is recognized as such in the household. She or he is generally the person who bears the chief responsibility for the maintenance of the household and takes decisions on behalf of the household. The head of the household need not necessarily be the eldest male member. Definition of a ‘Head of the Household’

SUMMARY FINDINGS

Summary of Findings - 1 There are about 27 million female headed households in the country. They constitute 10.9% of the total households in the country. 27 million female headed HH 10.9 % of total HHs of India

Summary of Findings % of households in Lakshadweep and 23% households in Kerala have a female as head Female Headed households 23 % Kerala 43.7% Lakshadweep

Summary of Findings - 3 About 49 lakh Single Member Female HHs are there in the country. Three-fourth of them live in rural areas and the remaining in urban areas of the country. Single Member Female households 49 lakh India 75% in rural area

Summary of Findings - 4 In seven major States, the proportion of Single Member Female Headed HH is more than 20%: 1.Chhattisgarh 29.9% 2.Madhya Pradesh 24.9% 3.Tamil Nadu 26.1% 4.Andhra Pradesh27.1% 5.Maharashtra 22.2% 6.Odisha 22.1% 7.Gujarat 20.4%

Summary of Findings -5 Larger proportion of Female Headed Households live in ‘No exclusive room’ and in ‘One room’ dwelling units compared to Male Headed Households. The household sizes in case of Female Headed Households tend to be smaller than the Male Headed Households. The proportions of households possessing different assets is lower in case of Female Headed HHs in comparison to Male Headed HH.

Classification of Households by Sex of the Head of the Households IndicatorTotalRuralUrban Census 2011 Number of Households (in lakh) Total2,4671, Male Headed2,1981, Female Headed Number of Households (in %) Total Male Headed Female Headed

Classification of Households by Sex of the Head of the Households (HH in %) INDIA

Less than 10.00% Female Headed HHs in: Haryana (9.5%) Gujarat (9%) Chandigarh (8.9%) Jharkhand (8.6%) UP (8.3%) MP (8%) J&K (7.9%) Bihar (7.4%) DNH (5%) Rajasthan (4.0%)

IndicatorTotalRuralUrban Census 2011 HH (in %) Female Headed HH (Total) Female Headed HH (SC) Female Headed HH (ST) Proportion of Female Headed Households among Total, SC and ST India

Classification of Households by Sex of the Head of the Households Indicator *Change (% pts) INDIA Proportion of Male Headed HH (in %) Total Rural Urban Proportion of Female Headed HH (in %) Total Rural Urban Note: The Census 2001 data relates to Population Enumeration phase as similar data from Houselisting phase is not available (see Table HH4 India)

Proportion of Female Headed Households States, 2011, 2001 – All Areas Area (State/UT) ALL AREAS *Change (% pts) 1. Lakshadweep Kerala Meghalaya Goa Himachal Pradesh Dadra & Nagar Haveli Rajasthan Bihar Jammu & Kashmir Madhya Pradesh Note: The Census 2001 data relate to Population Enumeration phase as similar data from Houselisting phase is not available TOP 5 BOTTOM 5

Proportion of Female Headed Households States, Total

Proportion of Female Headed Households States, 2011, Rural Area (State/UT) RURAL AREAS *Change (% pts) 1. Lakshadweep Goa Kerala Meghalaya Himachal Pradesh Chandigarh Dadra & Nagar Haveli Rajasthan Bihar Madhya Pradesh Note: The Census 2001 data relate to Population Enumeration phase as similar data from Houselisting phase is not available TOP 5 BOTTOM 5

Proportion of Female Headed Households States, 2011, Rural

Proportion of Female Headed Households States, 2011, Urban Area (State/UT) URBAN AREAS *Change (% pts) 1. Lakshadweep Meghalaya Kerala Goa Mizoram Dadra & Nagar Haveli Rajasthan Chandigarh UT Jammu & Kashmir Bihar Note: The Census 2001 data relate to Population Enumeration phase as similar data from Houselisting phase is not available TOP 5 BOTTOM 5

a.The broad range of domestic situations typically characterized by the absence of a resident male head, viz, widowhood, divorce, separation and desertion b.Migration of male members for long periods c.Loss of economic function by resident males due to severe unemployment, disability, illness and male reluctance to accept jobs seen as status reducing, etc. d.Households with no mature sons e.Sons residing in independent nuclear units. * - Source: Mayra Buvinic, Nadia H Yousaefet aI, Women-Headed Households: The Ignored Factor in Development Planning, International Centre for Research on Women, Washington, DC, (Quoted by Lakshmi Lingam ‘Women- Headed Households : Coping with Caste, Class and Gender Hierarchies’, Economic & Political Weekly: Mar 19, 1994 Reasons for emergence of Female Headed Households *

HHs (in %) Type of HH TotalRuralUrban M-HHF-HHM-HHF-HHM-HHF-HH Total100.0 Single person Nuclear Sub nuclear Supplemented nuclear Broken extended Joint Other Census INDIA HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION

Data on Houses, Household Amenities & Assets – Census 2011

Housing Condition – India, 2011 TYPE OF CENSUS HOUSES Type of Census Houses Female Headed HH% Male Headed HH% Permanent Semi permanent Temporary Serviceable Non serviceable4.8 Any other0.91.0

Housing Condition – India, 2011 TYPE OF CENSUS HOUSES Type of Census Houses Female Headed HH% TotalSCST Permanent Semi permanent Temporary Serviceable Non serviceable Any other

Housing Condition – India, 2011 Temporary Census House (FHH in %) Temporary: Houses with wall and roof made of temporary material. For example, Wall can be made of Grass, Thatch, Bamboo etc., Plastic, Unburnt brick or Wood and Roof can be made of Grass, Thatch, Bamboo, Wood, Mud, Plastic or Polythene.

Availability of Amenities– Source of Drinking Water, India Source of Drinking Water Female Headed HH% Male Headed HH% Source: Tap water Well Hand-pump Tube well/ Bore hole Other sources Location: Within premises Near the premises Away

Availability of Amenities– Source of Drinking Water, India Source of drinking water Female Headed HH% TotalSCST Source: Tap water Well Hand-pump Tube well/ Bore hole Other sources Location: Within premises Near the premises Away

Availability of Amenities – Number of Dwelling Rooms India Number of dwelling rooms Female Headed HH% Male Headed HH% Total No exclusive room One room Two rooms Three rooms Four rooms Five rooms Six rooms and above

Availability of Amenities – Number of Dwelling Rooms India Number of dwelling rooms Female Headed HH% TotalSCST Total: No exclusive room One room Two rooms Three rooms Four rooms Five rooms Six rooms and above

TOTAL Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Number of Dwelling Rooms (No Exclusive Room)

TOTAL Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Number of Dwelling Rooms (One Room)

Availability of Amenities – INDIA No Latrine Within Premises (HH %) INDIA – 51.7% Female Headed HH

Availability of Amenities – INDIA Having Bathing Facility Within Premises (HH %) INDIA – 59.4% Female Headed HH

Availability of Amenities – INDIA Fuel Used For Cooking Fuel used for cooking (Cooking inside premises/Has kitchen) Female Headed HH (in ‘000) Female Headed HH% Total 15, Fire-wood 6, Crop residue Cow dung cake Coal, Lignite, Charcoal Kerosene LPG/PNG 6, Electricity Biogas Any other HEALTH ISSUES

Household Size - INDIA Household Size Female Headed HH% Male Headed HH% Total One member Two members Three members Four members Five members Six to eight members Nine or more members

Household Size - INDIA Household Size Female Headed HH% TotalSCST Total: One member Two members Three members Four members Five members Six to eight members Nine or more members

TOTAL Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Household Size (One Person)

Availing Banking Services- INDIA (Female Headed HH in %) INDIA – 53.4% Female Headed HH

Possession of Assets - INDIA Assets Female Headed HH% Male Headed HH% Radio/ Transistor Television Computer/Laptop - With Internet Computer/Laptop - Without Internet Telephone (Land line only) Mobile phone Bicycle Scooter/Motorcycle/Moped Car/ Jeep/ Van None of the specified assets

Possession of Assets - INDIA Assets Female Headed HH% TotalSCST Radio/ Transistor Television Computer/Laptop - With Internet Computer/Laptop - Without Internet Telephone (Land line only) Mobile phone Bicycle Scooter/Motorcycle/Moped Car/ Jeep/ Van None of the specified assets

TOTAL Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Possession of Assets (Television)

TOTAL Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Possession of Assets (No Asset)

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