Laboratory Skills Chapter 2: Background
Laboratory Safety Personal protective equipment (PPE) Safety cabinets Glasses vs. goggles Gloves Lab coat Face shields Safety cabinets Location and function of Gas shutoffs Fire extinguishers Fire blankets Eyewash/shower
Laboratory Notebooks Importance of recording actual data as it happens Format Purpose
Laboratory Notebooks What to include Numbered procedures Tables Calculations with all math and units displayed Sketches, model numbers, etc. Signatures To and from pages
Equipment Graduated cylinders
Equipment Volumetric flasks
Equipment Serological pipets
Equipment Pipet pumps
Equipment Transfer pipets
Equipment Burette
Equipment Adjustable-volume micropipets
Equipment Erlenmeyer flask
Equipment Reagent bottles
Equipment Triple beam balance Photo courtesy of Ohaus Corporation
Equipment Electronic balance
Using an Electronic Balance Play video: Using an Electronic Balance
Equipment Weigh boats
Equipment pH meters
Using a pH Meter Play video: Using a pH Meter
Equipment Autoclave
Washing Glassware Add small amount of laboratory soap and use a brush to make sure all surfaces are washed Rinse with tap water until no suds are evident, usually at least 3 times Rinse twice with distilled water Air-dry or use oven to dry
Labeling Name of solution Concentration Date made Name of person who made it Potential hazards if necessary
Hazards Universal hazards label
Significant Figures Rule 1: The number of significant figures is the number of digits to the right of the first non-zero number.
Significant Figures Rule 2: When adding or subtracting numbers, the resulting numbers cannot have any more significant figures to the right of the decimal point than any value used in the calculation.
Significant Figures Rule 3: When multiplying or dividing numbers, the answer cannot have any more significant figures than the value in the calculation with the fewest significant figures.
Sig Fig Practice http://www.mrwiggersci.com/chem/Tutorials/Ch2-Interact-Pract-Sig-Figs-Blacksburg.htm http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=sigfig-practice-quiz
Scientific Notation Shorthand method to display numbers that convey their level of precision Uses a number that is multiplied by 10 raised to a positive or negative number
Units of Measure Metric prefixes and suffixes
Scientific Notation Practice http://www.quia.com/quiz/113578.html?AP_rand=424817981
Preparing Solutions Percent solutions Mass per Volume (m/v)
Percent Solution Practice https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKJlH-kfUzo Go to 4 min
Preparing Solutions Percent solutions Volume per Volume (v/v)
Percent Solutions Practice https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKJlH-kfUzo 2 Min
Preparing Solutions Dilutions
Preparing Solutions Molar solutions Proportional method
Preparing Solutions Molar solutions Unit cancellation method
Diluting Molar Solutions Molar dilutions
Chapter 2 Summary PPE Equipment and Locations Containers Uses Safety PPE Equipment and Locations Equipment Containers Uses Numbers and Accuracy Significant Figures Scientific Notation Making Solutions Molar Solutions Dilutions
Gram Staining http://amrita.vlab.co.in/?sub=3&brch=73&sim=208&cnt=1 http://virtuallabs.nmsu.edu/stain.php