Measuring the Quality of Work in Canada Geoff Bowlby Economist, Labour Force Survey Statistics Canada ECE/Eurostat/ILO Seminar on Quality of Work May 12, 2005

The Quality of Work in Canada To cover: n n Key sources of data on quality of work in Canada. n n A review of the data using “decent work” framework n n Brief overview of survey methods

The Quality of Work in Canada n n Strong labour statistics infrastructure in Canada – –Focus on quantifying work but significant amount of data to qualify “work” n n No surveys or survey framework designed with sole purpose of measuring job quality n n No standard that defines quality of work n n However, many data sources that effectively comprise a system that covers major aspects of job quality

The Quality of Work in Canada n n Main sources of data on quality of work: – –Labour Force Survey – –Workplace and Employee Survey – –General Social Survey (Time use) – –Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics – –Employment Insurance Coverage Survey – –Census – –National Work Injuries Statistics Program Statistics Canada Association of Worker’s Compensation Boards of Canada

The Quality of Work in Canada 10 aspects of decent work (ILO)Data source(s) 1) Employment opportunitiesLFS, Census 2) Unacceptable workN/A 3) Adequate earnings and productive workLFS, SLID, Census 4) Decent hoursLFS, WES 5) Stability and security of workLFS, WES 6) Fair treatmentWES 7) Safe work environmentNWISP 8) Social protectionWES, EI Coverage 9) Combining work and family lifeGSS Time Use 10) Social dialogue and participationLFS

The Quality of Work in Canada: Employment Opportunities Source: Labour Force Survey

The Quality of Work in Canada: Employment Opportunities Source: 2003 Labour Force Surveys, OECD Factbook 2005

The Quality of Work in Canada: Employment Opportunities Sources: 2001 Census of Population, Labour Force Survey2001 Census of PopulationLabour Force Survey

The Quality of Work in Canada: Adequate earnings and productive work Source: Labour Force SurveyLabour Force Survey Hourly wages stable, little change in proportion of workers in low-paid or well-paid jobs in Canada

The Quality of Work in Canada: Adequate earnings and productive work Sources: Labour Force Survey (2004), Survey of Work History (1981) – from Morissette and Picot (2005)Labour Force Survey (2004), Morissette and Picot (2005)

The Quality of Work in Canada: Adequate earnings and productive work Source: Labour Force SurveyLabour Force Survey

The Quality of Work in Canada: Adequate earnings and productive work Source: 2003 Labour Force Survey2003 Labour Force Survey Most minimum wage workers in Canada are youths living at home with their parents – Should the share of employment at less than half median wage be a “decent job” indicator?

The Quality of Work in Canada: Decent hours Source: Labour Force SurveyLabour Force Survey

The Quality of Work in Canada: Decent hours Source: Labour Force SurveyLabour Force Survey

The Quality of Work in Canada: Decent hours Source: Labour Force SurveyLabour Force Survey

The Quality of Work in Canada: Decent hours Source: Labour Force SurveyLabour Force Survey

The Quality of Work in Canada: Decent hours Source: 2002 Workplace and Employees Survey2002 Workplace and Employees Survey

The Quality of Work in Canada: Job Stability and Security Source: Longitudinal Worker File – from Morissette (2004)Morissette (2004)

The Quality of Work in Canada: Job Stability and Security Source: Labour Force Survey – using “non-standard” definition from Krahn (1995)Labour Force Survey Krahn (1995)

The Quality of Work in Canada: Job Stability and Security Source: Labour Force SurveyLabour Force Survey

The Quality of Work in Canada: Job Stability and Security Source: 2002 Workplace and Employee Survey2002 Workplace and Employee Survey

The Quality of Work in Canada: Fair treatment Source: 2002 Ethnic Diversity Survey2002 Ethnic Diversity Survey

The Quality of Work in Canada: Fair treatment Source: 2002 Workplace and Employee Survey2002 Workplace and Employee Survey

The Quality of Work in Canada: Safe work environment Source: Association of Worker’s Compensation Boards of CanadaAssociation of Worker’s Compensation Boards of Canada

The Quality of Work in Canada: Safe work environment Source: Association of Worker’s Compensation Boards of CanadaAssociation of Worker’s Compensation Boards of Canada

The Quality of Work in Canada: Social Protection Source: Pension Plans in Canada Survey and Labour Force SurveyPension Plans in Canada Survey Labour Force Survey

The Quality of Work in Canada: Social Protection Source: Employment Insurance Coverage SurveyEmployment Insurance Coverage Survey

The Quality of Work in Canada: Combining work and family life Source: 1998 General Social Survey (Time Use)1998 General Social Survey (Time Use)

The Quality of Work in Canada: Combining work and family life Source: 1992 and 1998 General Social Survey (Time Use)1992 and 1998 General Social Survey (Time Use)

The Quality of Work in Canada: Social dialogue and participation Source: Labour Force SurveyLabour Force Survey

The Quality of Work in Canada: Survey Methods Labour Force Survey: n n Large monthly household survey (52,000 households) n n Multi-stage, stratified sample: dwellings drawn from listing of neighborhoods (clusters) selected for sample from homogeneous geographic strata. n n In sample for six months, 1/6 rotate in/out each month n n Coverage in south of Canada (10 provinces) n n Targets all people 15 and older, except full-time members of regular armed forces, institutional population, people living on Indian Reserves For more information see:

The Quality of Work in Canada: Survey Methods Workplace and Employee Survey: n n Annual survey of 20,000+ employees linked to a survey of their employers (6,000+) n n Sample of employers drawn from business registry, list of employees provided to StatsCan for employee survey n n Longitudinal: Employees in for 2 years, employers for 8 n n Coverage in south of Canada (10 provinces) n n Targets all employees and their employers, except in: agriculture, fishing, hunting, trapping, religious organizations, public administration For more information see:

The Quality of Work in Canada: Survey Methods General Social Survey (Time use): n n Time use topic of GSS in 1986, 1992, 1998, 2005 n n 10,749 respondents in 1998 n n Random digit dialing (telephone frame) to gather information collected in diaries given to respondents n n Coverage in south of Canada (10 provinces) n n Targets all people 15 and older, except institutional population. For more information see:

The Quality of Work in Canada: Survey Methods Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics : n n Annual survey of people in 30,000+ households n n Selected from Labour Force Survey sample n n Longitudinal – 2 panels of 15,000+ households in sample for six consecutive years. n n Coverage in south of Canada (10 provinces) n n Targets all people 16 and older, except full-time members of regular armed forces, institutional population, people living on Indian Reserves For more information see:

The Quality of Work in Canada: Survey Methods Census of Population: n n Household census conducted every five years n n 25% of households selected for “long-form” n n Full coverage in Canada (10 provinces + 3 northern territories) n n Modified de jure population census For more information see:

The Quality of Work in Canada: Survey Methods National Work Injuries Statistics Program: n n Run by Association of Worker’s Compensation Boards of Canada n n Data derived from administrative records for time-loss injuries and fatalities accepted by provincially-run Worker’s Compensation boards or commissions. n n Not included: minor injuries not reported to a WC board; injuries to the self-employed