Fig. 12.01 12.01.jpg

Fig. 12.47 12.47.jpg

Elephantiasis: The swelling results from blocked lymphatic vessels 12.48.jpg

The distribution of blood flow at rest and during exercise. Note how blood conditioning organs (the kidneys and abdominal organs) are able to withstand a significant reduction in blood flow during exercise.

The vascular system Arteries Low resistance conduits Highly elastic Arterioles Major site where total peripheral resistance (TPR) is controlled Control of blood flow to organs and tissues Capillaries and venules Exchange of nutrients, waste, and fluid between the blood and interstitium Largest cross-sectional area and slowest flow Veins Low resistance conduits that return blood to the heart Blood storage reservoir – can be mobilized as needed

The Skeletal Muscle Pump

An Aortic Aneurysm http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/18072.htm

Varicose Veins http://www.vascularweb.org/graphics/northpoint_graphics_jpg/Varicose_02_Base_300.jpg

Fig. 12.06 12.06.jpg

Cardiac Muscle http://content.answers.com/main/content/img/oxford/Oxford_ Body/019852403x.cardiac-muscle.1.jpg

Normal ECG (a), partial AV block(b) complete AV block (c)

Atrial Fibrillation http://www.lhsc.on.ca/uwodoc/media/fib2.gif

Two normal beats, followed by ventricular fibrillation http://noodle.med.yale.edu/~staib/bme355/ecg/vfib.jpg

Heart Sounds http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19613.jpg

Heart Sounds S1 and S2 are normal S3 and S4 are abnormal http://connection.lww.com/Products/taylor5e/documents/Ch25/jpg/25_039.jpg

Extra Diastolic Sounds: S3 S3 is produced by the tensing of the chordae tendineae, which occurs during rapid filling and expansion of the ventricles. Common in children and young adults – the flexible ventricles of young people can expand rapidly. In middle-aged or older adults often indicates excessive volume in the ventricles, which usually indicates heart failure. www.mvprolapse.com/mvp.html

Extra Diastolic Sounds: S4 Produced by the left or right venticle contracting against a stiffened ventricle Usually indicates a loss of compliance of the ventricle due to ventricular hypertrophy or myocardial ischemia

The heart murmur associated with mitral valve prolapse Mitral valve prolapse causes a late systolic murmur

Mitral Valve Prolapse Mitral valve prolapse is an example of valve insufficiency. Abnormally shaped valve leaflets are pushed into the left atrium during late systole. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/18148.jpg

The length-tension relationship http://www.abcbodybuilding.com/magazine03/wrench/tensionlevels2.jpg

Children with Kwashiorkor http://www.cs.stedwards.edu/chem/Chemistry/CHEM43/CHEM43/Leukotr/Kwashiorkor.GIF