Database Systems Dr. Don Goelman

Some History Early Systems 1960’s: ad-hoc programs give way to DBMSs (IDS – C.W. Bachman) 1970’s: two big developments  Systematization of the network model (CODASYL/DBTG)  Introduction of relational model (E.F. Codd, CACM)

Three classical “Record Based” Models Hierarchical IMS S2K Network IDS IDMS Total Adabas DMS2 Relational System R Ingres QBE Oracle Access Sybase Foxpro DB2 Informix MySQL SQL Server

Two Modern Models Object ObjectStore Objectivity O2 Versant Orion Object-Relational UniSQL Oracle8 Informix Univ. Server  Illustra  PostGRES

Current Areas of Exploration ODBs and Object/Relational DBs Distributed Databases Client Server Architecture GUIs Data Warehouses Data Mining DB over the Web XML Big Data and NoSQL Data Science

Literature ACM TODS ACM SIGMOD Record IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering Data and Knowledge Engineering

DB Systems: Early History Pre 1960’s EventConsequence 1945: Magnetic tapes developed (the first medium to allow searching) Replaced punch cards and paper tape. 1957: First Commercial Computer Installed 1959: McGee proposed notion of generalized access to electronically stored data 1959: IBM Introduced the Ramac System Read data in nonsequential manner and access to files became feasible.

The 1960’s EventConsequences 1961: The first generalized DBMS- GE’s Integrated Datasource (IDS) – designed by Bachman popularized data structure diagrams. Formed the basis for Network Data Model developed by Conference on Data Systems Languages Database Task Group (CODASYL DBTG)

1960’s continued EventConsequence 1965–70: Generalized file management systems developed by numerous vendors Information Management System (IMS) developed by IBM IMS DB/DC (database/data communication) System was the first large-scale DB/DC system SABRE, developed by IBM and American Airlines Provided two-level conceptual/user view organization of data Formed the basis for Hierarchical Data Model Supported network views on top of the heirarchies Allowed multi-user access to data involving a communication network

The 1970’s EventConsequences Database technology experienced rapid growth Commercial systems followed CODASYL DBTG propoal, but none fully implemented it. IDMS system by B.F. Goodrich, Honeywell’s IDS II, UNIVAC’s DMS 1100, Burroughs’s DMS-II, CDC’s DMS 170, Phillip’s PHOLAS and Digital’s DBMS 11. Several integrated DB/ DC Systems: Cincom’s TOTAL plus ENVIRON/1. DBMS developed as an academic discipline and research area.

1970’s continued EventConsequence 1970: The relational model is developed by Ted Codd, an IBM research fellow 1971 : CODASYL Database Task Group Report 1975: ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data organized first SIGMOD international conference Laid foundation for database theory Provided a forum for dissemination of database research

More 1970’s EventConsequence 1975: Very Large Data Base Foundation organized first VLDB conference 1976 : Entity-relationship (ER) model introduced by Chen. Research projects: System R (IBM), INGRES (U.C. Berkeley), System 2000 (U of Texas - Austin), Socrate Project (U of Grenoble, France), ADABAS (Technical U of Darmstadt, W. Germany). Query Languages developed: SQUARE, SQL, QBE, QUEL Provided forum for for dissemination of database research