Lesson: Preventive Health Programs Unit – Veterinary Foundations Course – Veterinary Science Mr. Dieckhoff

Vaccinations The Immune System Vaccines Mimic the Real Disease Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWMJIMzsEMg&p=40E41A9D4B85C861&index=31 Vaccines Mimic the Real Disease

Vaccinations Types Killed – disease agent is dead (rabies), by heat or chemical Advantages – do not replicate Disadvantage – requires more disease agent, increased risk of allergic reactions Modified Live – takes agent and changes it to be mild (attenuation – changing disease) Advantages – replicate once in body, less antigen is required Disadvantages – mild infection symptoms (fever), lethargic for 12-24 hours Inappropriate or too frequent use of a vaccine can be harmful

Vaccinations Maternal Antibodies Colostrum Temporary (only 6-8 weeks) Don’t vaccinate under 6 weeks old because clash with maternal antibodies Very important to make sure mothers are up to date with vaccinations

Canine Diseases & Vaccinations DHLPP (Distemper Booster or Distemper Combination) Distemper Hepatitis Leptospirosis Parainfluenza Parvo Corona (C or CV)

Distemper Attacks Respiratory and Neurological Systems Symptoms – thick discharge from eye High fever Leads to death Spread by raccoon, foxes, coyotes, other dogs

Hepatitis (Type 2) Infectious Canine Hepatitis Attacks liver and kidneys Symptoms – High Fever Loss of appetite Extreme Lethargy Leads to death

Leptospirosis Microscopic corkscrew bacteria Spread through urine Common in rural areas around livestock Symptoms – Loss of apetite Fever Vomiting Leads to Death Vaccinate has large side effects

Parainfluenza Attacks respiratory system Combines with Bordetella Contagious in poor air circulation Symptoms – Persistent cough

Parvo Most commonly seen (especially in 1970s) Attacks digestive system Transmitted through stool Symptoms – Vomiting Bloody diarrhea Kills lining of small intestine

Corona (C or CV) Mild case of Parvo Symptoms Diarrhea without blood

Rabies Concentrates in saliva Ends in brain (paralysis/death) Transmitted by foxes, skunks, bats, coyotes Symptoms – Cannot swallow Large amount of saliva Aggressive temper

Bordetella (Kennel Cough) Not deadly, but easily spread Common in kennels, dog shows, groomers Symptoms – Deep cough Vaccines – injectable and intranasal

Lyme Disease Transmitted by ticks High in hunting dogs Symptoms – Fever Lameness Swollen Joints

Giardia Protozoan found in stagnant water supplies Symptoms – Severe diarrhea Rancid Odor

Cat Diseases and Vaccines FVRCP (Cat distemper vaccine) Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis Calicivirus Panleukopenia Chlamydia (optional)

Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR) Symptoms – Sneezing Discharge from eyes and nose Lifelong symptoms

Calicivirus Cause oral ulcers Symptoms – Cold-like Pneumonia

Panleukopenia Feline distemper Spread by water, urine, fleas Symptoms – Loss of appetite Lethargy Vomiting Bloody diarrhea Abortion

Chlamydia Symptoms – Severe eye infection Sneezing

Rabies (RV) Same as dogs

Feline Leukemia - FeLV Inhibits immune system Caused by facial contact Symptoms will show secondary disease

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) Transmitted by fecal matter Ascites (bloated) – fluid build up in belly Given Intranaselly Symptoms – Fever Weight Loss

Vaccine Schedules Vaccinating a Puppy Vaccinating an Adult Dog Start 6-8 wks of age – physical exam, stool check, deworming, 1st puppy shot Vaccine interval is usually every 3-4 weeks Completion is 16 wks (newer vaccines 12 wks) Vaccinating an Adult Dog 2 distemper-parvo combination shots spaced 3-4 wks apart Rabies start at 12-16 wks of age, repeat every 1-3 years Vaccinating a Cat 3-4 week interval Start at 7-9 weeks of age Finish kitten vaccines at 12-16 wks of age

Tips to Handling Vaccines Always keep refrigerated Always use new needles or syringes Always reconstitute properly Multi-dose vials should always be mixed prior to withdrawing Follow Manufacturer’s guidelines Never mix inappropriate vaccines Do not administer multiple vaccines into the same area Inject vaccine slowly Rub injected area Record type, brand, lot, and serial number of vaccination

Hearthworm Prevention An infection of Dironfilaria Immitic Spaghetti-like worm Live in Blood Stream Symptoms – Coughing Weigh-Loss Labored Breathing Spitting Up Blood Death

Heartworm Prevention See handout

What are the bodies natural infection fighting molecules called? Which type of vaccine is likely to stimulate a more pronounced immune response? What is the typical age we can begin to vaccinate a puppy? Why might a puppy vaccinated with a modified live virus be lethargic or sleepy for a day or so? List a prominent symptom of each disease: Distemper Parvo Rabies Which vaccine is sometimes given intranasally to dogs? How is Lyme disease spread from one dog to another? Of all the dog diseases covered in this section, which ones are transmissible to people? At what age can a kitten receive a rabies vaccination? Which disease may cause young cats to get a bloated appearance? How is the feline leukemia virus spread from cat to cat? FIP, if given, is administered in what location? Why do we often wait until 6 or 8 weeks of age before vaccinating a kitten or puppy? How often should the puppy vaccinations be repeated during the initial vaccination series? At what age do we attempt to conclude the puppy or kitten series? If a puppy were not brought in until it was 9 weeks of age and it had never been vaccinated before, at what other ages would the puppy need to come back for additional boosters? When is the rabies vaccination given to dogs? Cats? Review Questions – 17 Pts