Many Roads To Home

LAN Roads UTP STP Coaxial Fiber Optics

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Relies on cancellation to reduce EMI Precise specifications for the number of twists per braid Resistance = 100 ohms Be sure to handle & inspect our classroom sample of UTP

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Advantages Easy to install Least expensive of all media Small diameter of cable Proper termination procedures insures reliable connection

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Disadvantages More prone to EMI/RFI than any other cable Shortest allowable length of any other cable. Know these specs!!

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) All the advantages and disadvantages of UTP. Foil shields provide greater protection against EMI & RFI. Increased cost of cable Be sure to handle & inspect our classroom sample of STP Know these specs!!

Coaxial Cable Advantages Longer cable runs than UTP & STP (up to 500m) Cheaper than using fiber for your backbone Technology is well known (Cable TV) Better at reducing EMI than UTP or STP

Coaxial Cable Disadvantages Thickness of cable Copper shielding must be grounded at both ends of the connection No longer used as a LAN media

Coaxial Cable Know these diagramed parts & their purpose Be sure to handle & inspect our classroom samples of coaxial cable Know these specs!!

Fiber Optics Know these diagramed parts & their purpose Advantages Longer runs than any other cable (2km) Higher data rates than any other cable (>100Mbps) NO EMI!!

Fiber Optics Disadvantages Very expensive!! Difficult to install Therefore, fiber is used only for backbone installations. Know these specs!!

The “Standards Guys” ISO—International Standards Organization IEEE—Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers TIA—Telecommunications Industry Association EIA—Electronics Industry Association UL—Underwriters Laboratories

TIA/EIA TIA & EIA issue standards together for technologies that involve both telecommunications & electronics. TIA & EIA have had the greatest impact on networking media standards TIA/EIA 568A is the cable standard we will use when making our cables

TIA/EIA 568A Overview Specifies cable performance & termination procedures for horizontal cabling Six categories (CAT 1 to CAT 6) CAT 5 UTP is most common

Horizontal v. Vertical Cabling Horizontal Cabling includes all cabling that runs from work areas to the wiring closet. Example: All Cat 5 UTP cabling in this classroom is horizontal cabling Vertical Cabling is another name for backbone cabling. Example:The fiber optic cabling That connects us to the SSB

Horizontal Cabling (TIA/EIA 568A) Work Station (Patch Cable) Horizontal Cable Run Cross-Connect Jumpers (Patch Cable) 3m 90m 6m + + = 99m...or approx. 100 meters for CAT 5 UTP

IEEE (10Base-T Ethernet) Has become the “chosen” LAN technology Includes specifications for both Layer 1 & Layer 2 Your skill in implementation will migrate to 100Base-TX & 1000Base-T

IEEE Layer 1 Components Passive Components (do not add energy) Cabling Connectors Jacks Patch Panels Active Components (adds energy) Repeaters, Transceivers, & Hubs Let’s briefly look at each passive component

10Base-T Cabling Cat 5 Cable is a Layer 1 component It carries bits! CAT 5 is the 10Base-T standard cable The twisting of wires limits signal degradation through cancellation. See Picture in Curriculum Page 5.4.3

10Base-T Connectors Standard 10Base-T Termination is the Registered Jack-45 Similar to phone plug except the RJ-45 has 8 pins instead of 4 pins Reduces noise, reflection, & mechanical stability problems See Picture in Curriculum Page 5.4.2

10Base-T Jacks RJ-45 Jacks have 8 conductors that match the RJ-45 plug’s connectors. See Picture in Curriculum Page 5.4.4

10Base-T Patch Panels Patch panels are used to conveniently group a work area’s connections One side has a place for each RJ-45 plug The back side has punch down blocks that provide connectivity See Pictures in Curriculum Page 5.4.5

Collisions

Collision Review Collisions occur in broadcast topologies where devices are attached to a shared media. Shared media is like shared highways. Layer 1 devices will not solve collision problems. Layer 1 devices simply extend collision domains

Collision Domains Collision Domains are the area where collisions occur. Layer 1 devices will not separate (segment) collision domains. How many collision domains with… A repeater? A hub? A repeater and a hub?

Collision Domain Segmentation Segmentation is the process of dividing a collision domain into two or more collision domains. Layer 1 devices will not segment a collision domain. Why? The only way to segment a collision domain is to use a device that can filter network traffic. What devices are capable of filtering?

Topology Overview

Linear Bus All nodes directly connected to one physical link

Ring Each node connected only to adjacent nodes.

Star Advantage: all nodes can easily communicate Disadvantage: core node failure

Extended Star Each end node of the core acts as its own star topology

Hierarchical Topology Also called a tree topology No central node Two types: Binary Tree-each node splits off into two nodes Backbone Tree Which type is this graphic?

Complete Mesh What’s unique about this topology?

Labs 5.3.2, ,