TAMU NROTC Military Organization Unit Staff Commanding Officer, COL Timoney, USMC Executive Officer, Commander Haynie, USN

DOD Organization The National Military Establishment was created by the National Security Act of 1947. (After the end of WWII.) The DOD was established as an executive department of the government by the National Security Act Amendments of 1949. Headed by the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF)

DOD Organization Intent of the National Security Act and its amendments: Increase civilian control of the Armed Forces to be consistent with Constitutional requirements Eliminate unnecessary duplication Provide efficient inter-service cooperation Provide a unified strategic direction of the Armed Forces

DOD Organization Missions of the DOD: To support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies Protect the United States, its possessions, and areas vital to its interests Advance the policies and interests of the United States Safeguard the internal security of the United States

The Secretary of Defense The Honorable Chuck Hagel

The Joint Chiefs of Staff Established informally during WWII and was modeled after the British Chiefs of Staff. National Security Act of 1947 made this a permanent agency.

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs Appointed by the President from the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps The principal military advisor to the President, NSC, and SECDEF. This person may not exercise military command over the JCS or any of the armed services.

Joint Chiefs of Staff (GEN Frank Grass) (GEN Mark Welsh)

Unified Commands Composed of forces from two or more services Has a broad and continuing mission Normally organized on a geographic basis Ex. US CENTCOM

TRANSCOM SOCOM STRATCOM

US Army: Mission & Functions A “Force Projection” Army Primary mission To prepare land forces for war To fight our country’s wars and win

US Army: Mission & Functions Three phases or elements in an Army operation: Mobilization (Active and Reserve Units) Deployment Operational Operations may or may not involve conflict OOTW - Operations Other than War Disaster relief, drug interdiction, fighting forest fires, etc.

US Air Force Missions Strategic aerospace offense Strategic aerospace defense Counter air Air interdiction (AI) Close-air support (CAS) Airlift Aerospace surveillance and reconnaissance Aerospace maritime operations

US Coast Guard Missions Enforcement of all maritime laws and treaties Search and rescue (SAR) Enforcement of national anti-drug policy Maintenance of all aids to navigation Ice-breaking operations Scientific research projects Environmental cleanup & control

US Coast Guard Missions, cont’d. Fulfill any military function as directed Boating safety in inland lakes & waterways Military reconnaissance (wartime) Safeguard ports & harbors Investigation of marine disasters in domestic waters (TWA Flight 800, JFK Jr.) Instruct general public on boating safety

Department of the Navy US Navy born on October 13, 1775 Mission Guided by the Joint Maritime Strategy combines the efforts of USN, USMC, USCG Think of it as our corporate mission statement Organize, train, equip, prepare, and maintain readiness of the Navy and Marine Corps Support Navy and Marine forces when assigned to unified commands

Joint Maritime Strategy Security Maritime forces are the first line of defense with the ability to deploy quickly and reach difficult locations Stability 70% of the world is water 80% of the world’s population lives on or near the coastline 90% of the world’s commerce sails across it Sea Power Unifying force and common denominator that enables global security, stability, and prosperity Preventing wars is an important as… Collective security Trust and cooperation cannot be surged Stability – Any disruption in that chain caused by instability has a direct impact on American quality of life Winning Wars!!!

DON Composition Navy Department Operating forces SECNAV CNO Commandant of the Marine Corps Operating forces Shore establishments not directly involved in supporting the fleet (Recruiting Command, NROTC) Ships, aircraft, submarines, Marines, and direct-support bases involved in operations.

Secretary of the Navy Honorable Ray Mabus

Chief of Naval Operations Senior military officer in the Navy Member of the JCS Principal advisor to SECNAV and the President In command of all administrative and training commands

Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) ADM Jonathan W. Greenert

Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy MCPON (AW/NAC) Mike D. Stevens

Roles of the US Navy Projection of power from sea to land Sea control and Maritime supremacy Strategic Deterrence Strategic Sealift Forward Naval Presence Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Response (HADR)

Projection of Power Objectives Tactics Deliver and support troops ashore Secure land from the enemy Destroy offensive capability of opponent Harassment / Intimidation Tactics Amphibious Assault Naval bombardment / Precision munitions Tactical air projection Deterrent patrol (SSBNs) Taking the fight to the enemy; sending national and naval power ashore AA-WWII, Korea, Grenada NB – Desert Storm, OEF, OIF Tactical-Vietnam, Libya, Arabian Gulf, Iraq

Projection of Power Forces used: Marines Carrier Air Wings Naval bombardment (CG/DDG) Cruise missiles (Tomahawks)

Sea Control and Maritime Supremacy Objectives Maintain use of the sea, while denying its use to the enemy Control SLOC’s (Sea Lines Of Communication) Ensure industrial supply lines remain open Reinforce/resupply military forces overseas Provide wartime economic/military supplies to allies Provide safety for naval forces projecting power ashore

Sea Control and Maritime Supremacy Tactics Sortie control “Bottle up” the enemy in port through blockade Choke point control Use geographic choke points to hinder enemy Open-area operations Seek out and neutralize enemy on the open ocean Local engagement Concentration of forces Sortie-Persian Gulf, Cuban Missile Crisis Choke-Suez Canal

Sea Control and Maritime Security Forces used: Carrier Air Wings Surface combatants (CG, DDG, FFG, LCS) Attack submarines (SSNs) Mines

Strategic Deterrence Objectives Background Deter all-out attack on US or allies Pose the threat of unacceptable losses to a potential aggressor contemplating less than all-out attack Maintain a stable international political environment Background Navy is responsible for one part of the nuclear triad US Strategic Command (STRATCOM) with B-1’s Land-based missiles (Minutemen III) Seagoing nuclear-powered Ohio-class SSBN’s With the end of the Cold War, SSBN’s are the primary mode of deterrence today.

Strategic Deterrence Tactics Assured second strike Controlled response Trident missile - 4,000+ mile range. 24 per sub Submarine is a survivable and credible deterrent Controlled response Attack plans can be changed in case of partial attack. CVN, Tomahawk strike capability Deter rogue nations Maintain balance of power

Strategic Sealift Objective Tactics To deliver US (and allied) forces and sustaining supplies to any part of the world, whenever needed Tactics Prepositioning Surge Sustainment Prepo-Allows the US to place sustainment supplies near crisis areas for delivery to contingency forces Surge-Initial deployment of US-based equipment and supplies in support for a contingency Sustainment-Shipping that transports resupply cargos to stay abreast of force consumption rates and to build up theater reserve stock levels

Forward Naval Presence Objectives: To deter actions not in the interests of the United States or its allies To encourage actions that are in the interests of the United States or its allies

Forward Naval Presence Tactics Preventative deployments Provides forward presence Routine operations (MED, WESTPAC) Reactive deployments Response to crisis Iran, Beirut, Kuwait, Iraq

Forward Naval Presence Forces used Carrier Strike Groups One CVN Two CG Two DDG Two SSN One FFG One Supply ship

Mission of the USNR Primary: Secondary: To deliver strategic depth and operational capability to the Navy, Marine Corps, and Joint Forces Secondary: Assist active force in accomplishing its peacetime mission as a by-product of training for mobilization

Manpower Categories Ready Reserve, Standby Reserve, Retired Reserve Provides a pool of trained Sailors ready to step in and serve whenever and wherever needed Consists of Selected Reserve (SELRES) Drilling Reservists Full-Time Support (FTS) personnel Individual Ready Reserve (IRR)

USMC Basics Established 10 Nov 1775 Separate Military Service National Security Act of 1947 Separate Roles and Missions Part of Department of Navy not U.S. Navy Commandant reports to Secretary of the Navy No Secretary of the Marine Corps From the Nat’l Security Act "The United States Marine Corps, within the Department of the Navy, shall include land combat and service forces and such aviation as may be organic therein. The Marine Corps shall he organized, trained, and equipped to provide fleet marine forces of combined arms, together with supporting air components, for service with the fleet in the seizure or defense of advanced naval bases and for the conduct of such land operations as may be essential to the prosecution of a naval campaign. It shall be the duty of the Marine Corps to develop, in coordination with the Army and the Air Force, those phases of amphibious operations which pertain to the tactics, technique, and equipment employed by landing forces. In addition, the Marine Corps shall provide detachments and organizations for service on armed vessels of the Navy, shall provide security detachments for the protection of naval properly at naval stations and bases, and shall perform such other duties as the President may direct: Provided, that such additional duties shall not detract from or interfere with the operations for which the Marine Corps is primarily organized. The Marine Corps shall be responsible, in accordance with integrated joint mobilization plans, for the expansion of peacetime components of the Marine Corps to meet the needs of war." 3 3 3 3

History & Traditions Tun Tavern Nov 10, 1775 – two battalions of Marines raised First Commandant Captain Samuel Nicholas Directed to raise Marines to establish two battalions Never officially called “Commandant” First official Commandant of the United States Marine Corps Major William Ward Burrows The President’s Own Marine band that has performed at White House functions for every president except George Washington Established by act of Congress in 1798 Stationed at the “Oldest Post in the Corps” in Washington D.C.

History & Traditions Lieutenant Alfred Cunningham First female Marine First Marine aviator to earn his wings Marine aviation first introduced during WWI First female Marine 13 Aug 1918 Opha Mae Johnson was the first female to enlist in the Marine Corps Formerly called Women Marines (WM) but term is considered no longer acceptable Blood stripe Battle of Chapultepec, Mexican-American War, September 1847 Commemorates the Marines killed while storming the castle of Chapultepec "Devil Dog" - Battle of Belleau Wood, WWI 1918 Germans referred to Marines as “Teufelhunden” (Hollenhunde-hell hound) to describe their fighting abilities Marine tradition maintains that the red stripe worn on the trousers of the Blue Dress uniform, commonly known as the blood stripe, commemorates those Marine NCOs who died storming the castle of Chapultepec in 1847, though iterations of the stripe predate the war. In 1849, the stripes were changed to a solid red from dark blue stripes edged in red, which dated from 1839.[3]

History & Traditions Scarlet & Gold Official colors of the Marine Corps Scarlet stands for the blood Marines shed and the gold shows the world that Marines are bold “Uncommon Valor was a Common Virtue” Quote by Admiral Chester Nimitz and refers to the battle for Iwo Jima, largest all-Marine battle in history Semper Fidelis Marine Corps motto means always faithful Leatherneck Marine nickname that refers to the leather stock or neckpiece that was originally part of the Marine uniform Leatherneck collar was designed to protect the jugular vein from saber slashes. Intended to keep heads erect. High collar on current dress blue uniforms commemorates.

History & Traditions “Every Marine a rifleman” Regardless of MOS- trained as an infantrymen first Marines augment different MOSs Hymn of the Marine Corps Marine Hymn Eagle, Globe, & Anchor Marine Corps Emblem Eagle- Our nation Globe- Worldwide service Anchor- Naval traditions The "Marines' Hymn" is the official hymn of the United States Marine Corps. It is the oldest official song in the United States military. The "Marines' Hymn" is typically sung at the position of attention as a gesture of respect.

Current Commandant and Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps General Amos (35th Commandant and first naval aviator as Commandant) and Sgt Major Barrett (17th SgtMaj of the Marine Corps)

USMC Operational Concepts Maneuver Warfare Not just spatial Taking action to generate and exploit an advantage over the enemy Operational Maneuver From the Sea (OMFTS) Capstone operational concept Uses sea as maneuver space Executed in concert with the Navy Emphasis on littorals Links naval and maneuver warfare Aimed at an enemy’s center of gravity Ship to Objective Maneuver (STOM) Tactically implements OMFTS Reduces “footprint” ashore Applied across missions to include humanitarian aid STOM Maneuver warfare is a warfighting philosophy that seeks to shatter the enemy’s cohesion through a variety of rapid, focused, and unexpected actions which create a turbelent and rapidly deteriorating situation with which the enemy cannot cope. -Create a situation in which the enemy cannot function Littorals are those areas characterized by great cities, well-populated coasts, and the intersection of trade routes where land and sea meet. While representing a relatively small portion of the world's surface, littorals provide homes to over three-quarters of the world's population, locations for over 80 percent of the world's capital cities, and nearly all of the marketplaces for international trade. Because of this, littorals are also the place where most of the world's important conflicts are likely to occur. Play STOM video till 3:00 mark and then stop. 6 6 6 6

USMC Organization Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Four components Command element Ground combat element Aviation combat element Logistics combat element 4 types of MAGTFs Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB) Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) Special Purpose MAGTF (SPMAGTF) What does that mean? Ground Marines, aircraft, and support Put them all under a single Headquarters Element They fight together for one common mission.

Logistics Combat Element MAGTF Organization Command Element (CE) Ground Combat Element (GCE) Air Combat Element (ACE) Logistics Combat Element (LCE) Basic structure never varies, but number, type, and size of units in each of the four elements will be mission-dependent.

Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) Principle warfighting organization in USMC Commanded by Lieutenant General Self sustainable for 60 days Only standing MAGTF Composition Marine Division Marine Air Wing Marine Logistics Group MEF HQ Group (CE) Marine Division (GCE) Marine Air Wing (ACE) Marine Logistics Group (LCE) 10 10 10 10

MEF Locations III MEF Okinawa, Japan II MEF Camp Lejeune, NC I MEF Camp Pendleton, CA

Infantry Regiment (rein) Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB) Commanded by Brigadier General Self sustainable for 30 days Composition: Regimental Landing Team Marine Air Group Combat Logistics Regiment MEB staffs are cadres pulled from MEF MEB HQ (CE) Infantry Regiment (rein) (GCE) Aircraft Group (ACE) Regiment (LCE) Combat Logistics

Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) Commanded by a Colonel Self sustainable for 15 days Forward deployed on amphibious ships Components MEU Headquarters Battalion Landing Team Composite Aviation Squadron Combat Logistics Battalion 11 11 11 11

Special Purpose MAGTF Temporarily established to accomplish specific missions that are inappropriate for MEF, MEB or MEU Draws forces from: Marine Divisions Marine Air Wings Marine Logistic Groups Example: Hurricane Katrina Be polite, be professional, but have a plan to kill everybody you meet. -Lt Gen Mattis 12 12 12 12

General enlisted ratings Seaman (SN) Performs ship-related duties Examples: Deck Weapons Administrative Clerical Electronics Precision 51

General enlisted ratings Hospitalman (HN) Assists doctors in performing medical care (aka corpsman) 52

General enlisted ratings Fireman Marine engineering Ship maintenance Examples Damage Controlman Machinist’s Mate Engineman Electrician’s Mate Gas Turbine Systems Mechanic 53

General enlisted ratings Airman Various naval air activities Examples Aviation Boatswain’s Mate Aviation Electronics Technician Aviation Warfare Systems Operator Aviation Ordnancemen 54

General enlisted ratings Constructionman - Seabees Operates and services construction equipment Examples Builder Steelworker Construction Mechanic Utilitiesman 55

Culinary Specialist (CS) Yeoman (YN) Quartermaster (QM) Some Common Enlisted Ratings Machinist Mate (MM) Culinary Specialist (CS) Yeoman (YN) Quartermaster (QM) Electronics Technician (ET)

Navy Enlisted Classification NEC’s Codes that show the special knowledge and skills they have now A four-digit number (i.e. – 1733) 57

Rising through the ranks Seaman Recruit 58

Rising through the ranks Seaman Apprentice 59

Rising through the ranks Seaman 60

Rising through the ranks Petty Officer Third Class BM3 61

Rising through the ranks Petty Officer Second Class BM2 62

Rising through the ranks Petty Officer First Class BM1 63

Rising through the ranks Chief Petty Officer QMC 64

Rising through the ranks Senior Chief Petty Officer QMCS 65

Rising through the ranks Master Chief Petty Officer QMCM 66

Rising through the ranks Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy MCPON 67

Rising through the ranks Navy Ensign (ENS) USMC 2nd Lieutenant (2LT) 68

Rising through the ranks Navy Lieutenant Junior Grade (LTjg) USMC 1st Lieutenant (1Lt) 69

Rising through the ranks Navy Lieutenant (LT) USMC Captain (Capt) 70

Rising through the ranks Navy Lieutenant Commander (LCDR) USMC Major (Maj) 71

Rising through the ranks Navy Commander (CDR) USMC Lieutenant Colonel (LtCol) 72

Rising through the ranks Navy Captain (CAPT) USMC Colonel (Col) 73

Rising through the ranks Navy Rear Admiral, Lower Half (RDML) USMC Brigadier General (BGEN) 74

Rising through the ranks Navy Rear Admiral, Upper Half (RADM) USMC Major General (MGEN) 75

Rising through the ranks Navy Vice Admiral (VADM) USMC Lieutenant General (LGEN) 76

Rising through the ranks Navy Admiral (ADM) USMC General (GEN) 77

Marine Corps Enlisted Ranks 78

USMC Ranks E-1 Private 79

USMC Ranks E-2 Private First Class (PFC) 80

USMC Ranks E-3 Lance Corporal (LCPL) 81

USMC Ranks E-4 Corporal (CPL) 82

USMC Ranks E-5 Sergeant (SGT) 83

USMC Ranks E-6 Staff Sergeant (SSGT) 84

USMC Ranks E-7 Gunnery Sergeant (GySGT) 85

USMC Ranks E-8 First Sergeant (1STSGT) Master Sergeant (MSGT) 86

USMC Ranks E-9 Sergeant Major (SGTMAJ) Master Gunnery Sergeant (MGYSGT) 87

USMC Ranks E-9 Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps (SGTMAJMC) 88

Warfare Insignia Surface Warfare Officer Pin 89

Warfare Insignia Submarine Warfare Officer Pin “Dolphins” 90

Warfare Insignia Naval Aviator Pin (Pilot) Makes you look cool Most coveted pin in the Navy 91

Warfare Insignia Naval Flight Officer Pin (NFO) 92

Warfare Insignia Special Warfare Pin (SEALs) 93

Navy Uniforms Khakis (Officers & CPO’s) Collar devices CNT (Summer) khaki / POLY-WOOL Short sleeve Khaki combination cover, garrison cap 94

Navy Uniforms Summer Whites Shoulder boards No collar devices! Gold belt buckle White combination cover WHITE SHOES Chiefs – No shoulder boards, but collar devices. 95

Navy Uniforms Officer/CPO Service Dress Whites “Choker” whites CNT Shoulder boards No collar devices! Gold belt buckle White combo cover Chiefs – No shoulder boards, but collar devices. 96

Navy Uniforms Service Dress Blues Ranks as stripes on sleeve Soft shoulder boards on white shirt Combination Cover 97

Navy Uniforms Enlisted Service Dress Whites Cotton/polyester Crow on left sleeve Silver belt buckle “Dixie cup” 98

Navy Uniforms Service Dress Blues (enlisted) Similar to enlisted dress whites 99

Navy Uniforms Enlisted Service Uniform Black slacks with khaki shirt and black garrison cover 100

Navy Uniforms Navy Working Uniform Working uniform for E-1 – O-10 Blue/Gray digital camouflage pattern for shipboard use 101

Differences between Line & Staff Officers Unrestricted Line (URL) Officers are eligible for command-at-sea (ship, squadron, SEAL team, etc.). Surface Warfare Officers Aviators/Flight Officers Nuclear Propulsion Officers Special Warfare and Special Operations Officers 102

Differences between Line & Staff Officers Restricted Line Officers are those in seagoing specialties who are eligible for command of shore installations within their specialty. Some examples include: Intelligence Officers Cryptology Officers Engineering Duty Officers (EDO’s) 103

Differences between Line & Staff Officers Staff Corps Officers are those in shore-based support fields who are eligible for command of shore installations within their specialty. Some examples include: Medical Corps and Medical Service Corps Officers Supply Officers Chaplains and JAG Officers Civil Engineering Corps (CEC) Officers 104

Types of Salutes Hand salute Hand salute under arms Present arms Sword salute “Eyes right" when passing in review

Aboard Ships Reporting aboard Disembarking vessel Salute officers at the first meeting of the day. Salute the CO and all officers senior to him/her on every meeting. Reporting Aboard: (salute national ensign,then salute OOD and say) Vessel assigned to: "I report my return aboard sir" Vessel not assigned to: "I request permission to come aboard, sir" Disembarking: (salute OOD, then salute national ensign) Vessel assigned to: "I have permission to...(go ashore) sir" Vessel not assigned to: "I request permission to...(leave the ship, go ashore, etc), sir"

First Salutes Ensign Second Salute the OOD Requesting permission to come aboard

During the National Anthem Not in formation and covered -- stand at attention, face the national ensign or the direction from which the music is coming, salute upon hearing the first note and hold until the last note is played.

During the National Anthem In formation and covered -- formation is brought to attention/order arms. Formation commander faces national ensign or music and renders the salute for the formation. Uncovered--face national ensign or music and stand at attention.

During the National Anthem If in civilian clothes--remove hat, stand at attention, place right hand over heart. These rules apply to foreign national anthems as well.

National Ensign When passed by or passing the national ensign as it is being carried, or is uncased, or is in a military formation, all naval personnel shall salute. General Orders Salute when boarding or disembarking vessels. This also applies to foreign national ensigns.

In Buildings Do not salute unless in the official capacity (on watch). Salute in buildings only when failure to do so might cause embarrassment or a misunderstanding (i.e., Army or USAF). When reporting to an office, do not render a salute.

Outside If seated, a junior should rise and face the senior and render a salute and appropriate greeting. When reporting on deck or outside ashore naval personnel will be covered and will render a salute.

In vehicle Juniors salute all seniors who are riding in vehicles. Those officers in the vehicle will return salutes as required. The driver of the vehicle is obliged to salute if stopped, but has the option when moving for safety reasons.

Overtaking When a junior passes a senior, pass to the left, salute when abreast and say "By your leave, sir or ma'am." The senior will return the salute and say, "Very well" or "Carry on”. If seniority is unknown: always salute if in doubt.

Saluting situations - Walking with a Senior Always walk to the left of the senior. If the senior is saluted by personnel who are junior to the officer, do not salute until the senior officer does.

Meeting Seniors Render salute at six paces or the nearest point of approach. Hold salute until returned. Accompany salutes with a greeting - "Good morning/afternoon/evening, sir or ma'am"

Meeting Seniors Salutes are rendered to all officers of the Navy, Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, foreign military officers, and civilian officials who rate gun salutes.

When not to salute When uncovered. In formation, except on command. In a work detail (person in charge salutes). When engaged in athletics.

When not to salute If both hands are full. In public places when inappropriate (i.e., restaurant). In public conveyances. At mess.

Shipboard Courtesy-Quarterdeck Officer of the Deck is in charge and directly represents the CO. Responsible for the safety and security of the ship. All officers are subordinate except XO and CDO. Same rules apply if OOD is enlisted.

Boat and Vehicle Etiquette Seniors board last and leave first. Seniors sit towards the aft, juniors sit forward.

Correspondence When addressing members down your chain of command, or personnel of lesser rank than the you, sign "Respectfully", or "R" When addressing members up the your chain of command, or officers higher in rank, sign "Very respectfully", or "V/R"

Honors and Ceremonies Morning and Evening colors. Gun Salutes: Honors an individual or nation Fired in odd numbers every 5 seconds President/Head of State 21 Guns Holidays 21 Guns ADM 17 Guns VADM 15 Guns RADM 13 Guns RDML 11 Guns

Half-Masting the Ensign For deceased official or officer, as directed. When Directed by higher authority. Procedures

Personal Flags and Pennants Flag officers are entitled to personal flags: Navy -- blue flag with white stars Marines -- red flag with gold stars

Commission Pennant Flown on all Naval ships in service/commission

Dressing / Full Dress Ship 4th of July, Washington's birthday. When directed by a higher authority Same flags as in dress ship, with: Rainbow of Signal Flags. When dressing ship for a foreign holiday, that nation's flag is hoisted at the main mast in place of the U.S. flag.

Dining-In/Dining-Out Formal dinners given by members of a naval unit, in order to demonstrate esprit de corps. Dining-In -- only military officers from that unit. Dining-Out -- military officers and their civilian spouses or friends.

Dining-In/Dining-Out Typical Dining-In / Out: The dinner Toasts Fines Decorum