SNC2D Animal Cells and Tissues

What factors influence cell specialization in Animals? Take a look on p85 and take a couple of minutes to read the page The contents of the cell’s cytoplasm Environmental conditions (like temperature) The influence of neighbouring cells

The Effect of Cytoplasm on Cell Specialization After cytokinesis, the contents of the cytoplasm may differ in each daughter cell This helps determine what type of cell it will become

The Effect of Environmental Conditions on Cell Specialization For example, in siamese cats, only cells that develop at cool temperatures produce dark hair colour (this usually occurs at the tips of cat’s feet, tail, ears, and nose)

The Effect of Neighbouring Cells on Cell Specialization When cells are close to each other, substances can diffuse through the cell membrane These substances change which genes in DNA gets expressed For example, in the embryo of a chick, neighbouring cells influence eye development in a specific location in the embryo 16 days embryo 

Chick Development 6 Days 10 Days 16 Days

Abnormal Development Chemicals (contaminants like heavy metals) in the environment can affect an animal’s development In humans, 90% of developmental issues can be traced to environmental factors!

Structural Organization of Multicellular Organisms atoms ↓ molecules organelles cells tissues organ organ system ↓ organism

Review Chemical – atoms combine to form molecules Cellular – molecules interact to make up cells Tissue – cells are grouped into tissue Organ – tissues compose organs Organ system – organs function together to form organ systems Organism (individual) – made up of the organ systems

Levels of Structural Organization Atoms Molecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism

Necessary Life Functions Ideas? Maintaining boundaries Cellular level – accomplished by plasma membranes Organism level – accomplished by the skin) Movement Responsiveness Digestion Metabolism Excretion Reproduction Growth

Cells that have the same Function form Tissues Despite there being millions of different organisms, there are only a few different types of tissues!

What are the different tissues? Find out for yourself! Fill in your chart of Animal Tissues using the hand out For homework, answer questions p76 #2-5 (on the Nelson Textbook Handout)