DISCOURSE MARKERS Part II EOI ESTEPONA. PURPOSE Positive purpose TO / IN ORDER TO / SO AS TO + INFINITIVE I phoned him to talk to him I phoned him in.

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Presentation transcript:

DISCOURSE MARKERS Part II EOI ESTEPONA

PURPOSE Positive purpose TO / IN ORDER TO / SO AS TO + INFINITIVE I phoned him to talk to him I phoned him in order to talk to him (formal) I phoned him so as to talk to him (formal) Negative purpose IN ORDER NOT TO / SO AS NOT TO + INFINITIVE He studies in order not to fail He studies so as not to fail

SO THAT + WILL / CAN He speaks slowly so that we will understand him He speaks slowly so that we can understand him FOR + OBJECT + TO INFINITIVE He speaks slowly for us to understand him SO THAT + WOULD / COULD I left a message so that they could come I left a message so that they would come FOR + OBJECT + TO INFINITIVE I left a message for them to come

CONTRAST HOWEVER,NONETHELESS(formal),NEVERTHELESS (formal) All these words are used to present two contrasting ideas. Smoking is proved to be dangerous to the health. Nonetheless, 40% of the population smokes. Our teacher promised to take us on a field trip. However, he changed his mind last week. Peter was warned not to invest all of his savings in the stock market. Nevertheless, he invested and lost everything.

BUT High level positions are stressful at times, but professionals can learn to manage their stress levels. YET (very formal, especially used in literary texts) She convinced him, yet there was something in her voice he didn´t like at all.

ALTHOUGH,EVEN THOUGH ( more emphatic), THOUGH ( informal speech) Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holidays. Even though it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holidays. Though it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holidays. It rained a lot. We enjoyed our vacation though. ( Very common in American English) Llovió intensamente. Disfrutamos de nuestras vacaciones a pesar de ello.

IN SPITE OF/ DESPITE ► NOUN ► –ING VERB In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holidays. In spite of raining all day, we enjoyed our holidays. Despite the rain, we enjoyed our holidays. I couldn't sleep, despite being very tired. IN SPITE OF THE FACT THAT/ DESPITE THE FACT THAT ► CLAUSE Despite the fact that it was raining, we enjoyed our vacation. In spite of the fact that it was raining, we enjoyed our vacation.

THAT´S ALL, FOLKS!!!