Young people and the consequences of marijuana use Kevin Haggerty, Ph. D. Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, School of Social Work

A National Coversation…. “Smoking marijuana is not something I encourage and I’ve told my daughters that it’s a bad idea, a waste of time, and not very healthy” 2 Seattle Times, January

Crisis---Danger and Opportunity

Quiz The legal age for recreational marijuana use is ParentsYouth 1830%23% 192%1% 2156%71% 258%4%

Quiz 1.What percent of 10 th grade students in Snoqualmie Valley report using marijuana in the past 30 days?

Recent Marijuana Use Past 30 days Washington State Healthy Youth Survey 2010

Recent Cigarette Use Past 30 days WA St. Healthy Youth Survey 2010

Perceived Harm is Related to Teen Use Source: Adapted by CESAR from University of Michigan, “The Rise in Teen Marijuana Use Stalls, Synthetic Marijuana Use Levels, and Use of ‘Bath Salts’ Is Very Low,” Monitoring the Future Drug and Alcohol Press Release: Text, Figures, & Tables, December 19, 2012; and Institute for Behavior and Health (IBH), “National Youth Survey Shows Five-Year Increases in Marijuana Use,” IBH Commentary, December 28, U.S. Twelfth Graders Reporting Perceived “Great Risk of Harm” and Marijuana Use in Past Month,

THC potency is increasing Potency monitoring project: ONDCP 2010

Research on Marijuana and Mental Health Young people who use marijuana weekly have double the risk of depression. 1 Teens aged who smoke marijuana weekly are three times more likely than non-users to have suicidal thoughts. 2 Evidence of increased risk for schizophrenia in later years. 3 Early heavy use can reduce IQ, and may effect brain development. 4 1Patton, G.C., et. al. (2002) Cannabis use and mental health in young people: cohort study. BMJ 325, Greenblatt, J. (1998), Adolescent self-reported behaviors and their association with marijuana use. National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, SAMHSA 3Arseneault, L., et. al. (2002), Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis longitudinal prospective study. BMJ 325, Meier, M.H., Caspi, A., (2012) Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife, PNAS

Quiz 1. Is marijuana addictive?

Prevention Should Start Early Research on marijuana also points to risks of early initiation 12 Source: SAMHSA, 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). Adults Reporting Illicit Drug Dependence in Past Year

15% of daily users become addicted and have….. Higher school drop-out rates Lower I.Q. Increased anxiety, depression People use marijuana to get happy, but we see distortion of thought, time, and Paranoia Chronic bronchitis. 13

Marijuana is ADDICTIVE and ILLEGAL DBHR, 2012

Criteria for Cannabis Dependence –Taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended. –Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control use. –A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain cannabis, use, or recover from its effects. –Craving, or a strong desire or urge to use. –Recurrent use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home. –Continued use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of cannabis. –Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of use. –Recurrent use in situations in which it is physically hazardous. –Use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by cannabis. –Tolerance –Withdrawal symptoms (specified) 15

Quiz Can marijuana use be prevented? 16

Guiding Good Choices – Preventing Marijuana Use Spoth, et al *previously called Preparing for the Drug Free Years

Parenting Practices are an Important Risk Factor Source: Washington State Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery, 2013 Children in families with poor family management (unclear expectations, poor monitoring, inconsistent discipline) were… 3X more likely to be a frequent marijuana user by 10 th grade 18

Children who perceive their parents as having favorable attitudes toward drug use were… 5 X more likely to have tried marijuana by 8 th grade 6 X more likely to be a frequent user by 10 th grade Parent Norms are an Important Risk Factor Source: Washington State Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery,

Just Like Alcohol…… 1.No use under age 21 2.No driving under the influence 3.No public use