Reinhard Beer The Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA, USA on behalf of the entire PanFTS team Panchromatic Fourier Transform Spectrometer (PanFTS) for the Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) and the Global Atmospheric Chemistry (GACM) Missions © 2009 California Institute of Technology. US Government sponsorship acknowledged

2009 MayASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia2 The JPL PanFTS Team Stanley Sander, Principal Investigator Reinhard Beer, Science Plan, Instrument Design Jean-Francois Blavier, Instrument Scientist Kevin Bowman, Science Plan Annmarie Eldering, Science Plan, GEO-CAPE Science Team David Rider, FPA Acquisition / Development, In-Pixel ROIC ACT PI Geoffrey Toon, Instrument Design Wesley Traub, Instrument Design John Worden, Science Plan Dmitriy Bekker, Data System Design Matthew Heverly, Scan Mechanism Development Robby Stephenson, Scan Mechanism Analysis Parker Fagrelius, Science Plan, Systems Engineering Bruce Hancock, Vis ROIC Development Tom Cunningham, Vis FPA Development Richard Key, Task Management

2009 MayASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia3 GEO-CAPE Science Goals Conclusions from Key Assessment Reports “Air quality measurements are urgently needed to understand the complex consequences of increasing anthropogenic pollutant emissions both regionally and globally. The current observation system for air quality is inadequate.” - NRC Earth Science Decadal Survey (2007) “The ability to observe the boundary layer from space is a major priority for air quality applications”. - Report from the Community Workshop on Air Quality Monitoring from Space (Boulder, CO, 2006) GEO-CAPE Mission Requirements Measure air pollutants such as ozone and aerosols Improve air quality forecasts “through assimilation of chemical data, monitoring pollutant emissions and accidental releases, and understanding pollution transport on regional to intercontinental scales.” Cover North & South America from -45 o to +50 o latitude with 7 km resolution “at about hourly intervals” (air quality) Cover coastal oceans with a steerable imaging spectrometer with 250-m spatial resolution and 300 km field of view (ocean biogeochemistry) Longitude range is therefore 30 o W to 140 o W with the spacecraft positioned in geostationary orbit near 85  W longitude.

2009 MayASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia4 The PanFTS Approach The Panchromatic Fourier Transform Spectrometer (PanFTS) is a NASA Instrument Incubator Program (IIP) funded development to build and demonstrate a single instrument capable of meeting or exceeding all GEO- CAPE/GACM requirements. The PanFTS design combines measurement capabilities for IR (e.g. TES) and UV-Vis (e.g., OMI) in a single package (including full spatial coverage), plus the ability to measure ocean color.

2009 MayASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia5 Combining UV-Vis-IR Improves Vertical Resolution From Worden et al, GRL 2007

2009 MayASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia6 The IR is sensitive to the boundary layer when concentrations and air-surface contrasts are high Vertical and horizontal snap- shots of TES CO (upper left), TES O 3 (lower left), OMI aerosol optical depth (upper right) and OMI NO 2 (lower right) during a So. Calif. wild- fire episode. Enhancements in boundary layer O 3 and CO are clearly indicated. Combined UV-Vis-IR retrievals will reveal boundary layer features such as these.

2009 MayASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia7 PanFTS Spectral Coverage Wide spectral coverage (0.27 – 14  m) permits simultaneous observations By reflected sunlight and Thermal emission (day/night) Pollutants O3, CO, NO2, HCHO, NH3 Greenhouse Gases CO2, CH4, N2O, O3, H2O Tracers HDO, N2O, O2, O4 Ocean Color 250 m pixel size: visible channel PanFTS will combine the Functionality of several Instruments e.g. TES, GOSAT, SCHIAMACHY

2009 MayASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia8 PanFTS Measurement Capabilities (Shaded Green) Scientific Issues from the Decadal Survey NASA SCIENCE PLAN GACM Geo-CAPE Program Linkage Measurement O 3 (column) NO 2 (column) HCHO (column) SO 2 (column) BrO (column) CO (profile) Aerosol Opt. Depth H 2 O (profile) O 3 (boundary layer) NO 2 (boundary layer) NO 2 (profile) HDO (profile) NH 3 (column) CH 3 OH (column) Temperature Nocturnal Capability O 3 Profile AQ Forecasting/ Human Health O 3 precursor and Aerosol Sources Pollution Transport/ Chemical Weather

2009 MayASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia9 PanFTS has superior measurement capabilities Instrument Spectral Range (microns) Spectral Resolution (nm) Horizontal Resolution (km) Vertical Resolution (km) SCIAMACHY GOME-2 OMI TES MOPITT PanFTS 0.25 – – x – x – – x – cm x , 4.67 (0.1 cm -1 )22 x – cm -1 7 x 7

2009 MayASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia10 Observational Coverage 300 x 300 km FOV Current imagery like MODIS-AQUA are days apart Sept. 2, :00:00 Sept. 4, :00:00 OMI HCHO Sample Observations Jan 2007 May 2007 Aug o W 45 o S 50 o N GEO-CAPE will have two observing modes (1) a wide-field, synoptic mode covering the Earth disk from 50°N to 45°S once per hour with a ground footprint of 7 km at nadir and (2) a narrow-field, special event mode with a 300 x 300 km FOV having a 250 m ground footprint at nadir

2009 MayASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia11 From a geostationary orbit near 85 o W longitude, observations are accomplished by sequentially imaging ~50 patches (distinguished by different colors in the graphic) for about one minute each with an approximately 900 km X 900 km instantaneous field-of-view using a 128 X 128 pixel array which provides a pixel resolution of approximately 7 km. A 60 µm pixel size and a 5 cm beam diameter provide the étendue required to achieve S/N ~ 100 at a spectral resolution of 0.05 cm km x 900 km ground swath patch 128x128 FPA Spectra in pixel PanFTS Observing Scenario

2009 MayASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia12 Optical Schematic

2009 MayASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia13 SUMMARY A “table-top” prototype of Pan FTS is under construction at JPL –it will feature sub-arrays of detectors but will help in determining how to cope with the ultimate, very high, data rate (including on- board processing) In 2011, the completed instrument will be tested over the Los Angeles basin from an existing site at Mt. Wilson (1742 m)

2009 MayASSFTS14, Firenze, Italia June 2009 California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California, USA Panchromatic Retrieval Workshop For further information, please contact