Gabriel Performance Products Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins GPE Series Product Technology, Curatives & Applications

Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins (CER) GPE Series Outline Technology Features/Benefits - Value Products Activators/Hardeners Markets/Applications

Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins (CER) Technology

CER Technology CERs - Different from Standard Bisphenol-A Epoxy Resins like DER 331, EPON 828 Standard Epoxy resins made from Epichlorohydrin and Bisphenol-A CERs are made by oxidation of Cyclo Olefins with Peracetic Acid Different from other cycloaliphatic epoxy resins like Glycidyl Esters of Pthalic Acids (Huntsman CY 184) and Hydrogenated Bis A Epoxy Resins (CVC Epalloy 5000 and Hexion Epon 1110)

Technology Standard Epoxy Resin : Epichlorohydrin + Bisphenol-A  Std. Epoxy Resin (DER 331, EPON 828) Epichlorohydrin Bisphenol-A

Technology Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin : Cyclo Olefin + Peracetic Acid  GPE-221 GPE-221 Cyclo Olefin Peracetic Acid

Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins (CER) Features/Benefits - Value Proposition

Feature/Benefits - Value Aliphatic Backbone – Excellent UV Stability Saturated Cyclic Ring – Good Weatherability and Excellent Electrical Properties High Epoxide Content  High Crosslink Density  High Tg and Heat Distortion Temp. (HDT) No Epichlorohydrin  No Hydrolysable Chorine  Low Dielectric Constant  Excellent Arc-Track Resistance

Feature/Benefits - Value Short Chain – Low Viscosity  350cp of GPE- 221 vs. 13000 cp Std Epoxy Resin  Easy to handle and enable VOC Free or Low VOC Formulations When combined with Polyols, result in Good Combination of Toughness and Heat-Distortion Temperature Properties No Epichlorohydrin  Low Potential for Skin Sensitization Offer latitude to formulate 1K or 2K Products

Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins (CER) GPE Products

GPE Series - Products GPE-221 : Standard, General Purpose Use Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin  Equivalent to ERL-4221 (Cyracure UVR-6110) GPE-226 : Distilled, Low Ionic Content and Low Viscosity Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin  Equivalent to ERL-4221D (Cyracure UVR-6105) GPE-228 : Flexible Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin  Equivalent to ERL-4299 (Cyracure UVR-6128) ERL & UVR from Dow Chemical - Discontd.

GPE Series - Properties Property\Product GPE-221 GPE-226 GPE-228 Appearance Colorless to Pale Yellow Liquid Color (Pt-Co) 100 max 50 max 150 max Viscosity, cP 350 - 450 200 - 350 500 - 650 EEW 131 - 143 128 - 140 190 - 210 Moisture (wt%) <0.05

Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins (CER) Activators/Hardeners

Activators/Hardeners Anhydrides Polyacids UV Cationic Cure Catalysts Not ‘Amines’ or ‘Polyamides’

Activators/Hardeners Anhydrides 2K Thermal Cure OR Heat Cure Requires Heat to Cure HHPA (Hexa HydroPthalic Anhydide), MTHPA, NMA Typical Cure Cycle – 1 HR @ 100 -120 oC + 4 - 6 HR @ 160 -180 oC Cure Cycles vary with different Anhydrides

Activators/Hardeners Anhydride Cured CERs Excellent High Temperature Performance Tg : 150 – 200oC High Mechanical Properties - Flexural Strength, Compressive Strength Excellent Dielectric Properties Superior Arc, Corona and Tracking Resistance Eg: Fiber Reinforced Composites

Activators/Hardeners Polyacids 2K Ambient Cure Acid Functional Polyesters, Carboxylic Acids, Pthalic Acids Slow Reaction Rates Takes several days to cure Less Common in Use

Activators/Hardeners UV Cationic Cure Catalysts Cationic Photoinitiators “Aryl Sulfonium” and “Aryl Iodonium” Salts Activated by UV Light  Generate a Super Acid Super Acid catalyzes epoxy polymerization Rapid Cure Rates, in some cases Instant

Activators/Hardeners UV Cationic Cure Catalysts Alternate technology to Free Radical Polymerization of Acrylates Low Shrinkage – up to 5%, compared to Acrylate Shrinkage of 10- 15% Excellent Adhesion Low Viscosity  Low or No VOCs Low Capital and Operating Costs Excellent Hardness and Flexibility

Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins (CER) Markets/Applications

Value to the Market CERs have Excellent UV and Weatherability, Low Viscosity, High Temperature Performance, Excellent Electrical Properties and other…….But Complex Mfg Process High Product Costs $ 6 - 10/lb vs $1 – 2/lb of Standard Epoxy Resin Used in High Performance Requirement Markets/Applications

Markets/Applications ANHYDRIDE CURE Fiber Reinforced Composites Low Viscosity – Good Fiber Wet-out Filament Winding, Pultrusion, Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) Tg in the range of 200oC – High Temperature Performance Eg: Aerial Booms, Antennas, Composites for Electrical and Electronic Applications

Markets/Applications Electric Insulators Ceramic or Porcelain Replacements Bushings, Electric Insulators, Switch Gear Parts in transmission and distribution of electric power Excellent UV Resistance and Carbon Tracking Lighter Weight & Greater Impact Resistance Complex Shapes, Reduced Maintenance 2K ANHYDRIDE CURE

Markets/Applications ANHYDRIDE CURE Encapsulants & Potting Compounds Transformers, Electric Coils Low Dielectric Loss High Electrical Resistivity Low Viscosity – Good Penetration Excellent UV Resistance – LEDs and Optoelectronics Excellent Thermal Shock Resistance with Polyols

Markets/Applications Coatings, Inks and Laminating Adhesives Rapid Cure  Low Down Time Low or No VOC, No odor Excellent Adhesion to wide variety of substrates: steel, aluminum, polymer films Glossy, Hard and Good Flexibility Eg: Flexo Printing, Laminating Adhesives 1K UV CURE

Markets/Applications Packaging – Overprint Varnishes Rigid Packaging - Steel & Aluminum Can Coatings (Beer & Beverages) Rapid Cure Rates Low or No VOC No Odor Glossy, Hard and Good Flexibility Retortable and Pasteurizable 1K UV CURE

Markets/Applications Packaging – Overprint Varnishes Flexible Packaging: plastic tubes, films, paper Excellent Adhesion to wide variety of substrates Various Polymers: PET, PE, HDPE, PS, Polyester No Odor, Fast Drying Glossy, Hard and Good Flexibility 1K UV CURE

Markets/Applications Acid Scavenger - Stabilizer CERs react with both organic and mineral acids Use to remove or stabilize Acids in Systems Eg: Transformer Fluids Lubricating Oils and Hydraulic Fluids 1K ADDITIVE

Markets/Applications Acid Scavenger - Stabilizer Vinyl Inks and Coatings Dielectric Fluids in Electrostatic Capacitators Flame Retardant Coatings PVC and Polyester Resins 1K ADDITIVE

Markets/Applications Other Uses: Modifier for Std Epoxy Resins, Viscosity Reduction, Performance Enhancement Waterborne – Stable Anionic Dispersions Chemical Intermediates – to make alkyd coating resins 1K ADDITIVE