1 Fluorescence Cameras -Dr James Milnes -Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research -Portland Place, London, 24 June 2009 Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009

2 Overview Company Profile Product Description Current Applications Fluorescence Applications –Gated Cameras –Photon Counting Cameras Summary Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009

3 Company Profile Specialist manufacturers of vacuum based detectors and camera systems for photon detection. Photek manufacture Image Intensifiers, PMTs, Streak Tubes, open faced detectors and a range of associated electronics and camera systems Located in St Leonards-on-Sea – South East England Established September 1991 Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009

4 Company Profile 38 Employees –10 sales/administrative –7 R&D –21 production/test 5 employees educated to PHD level Further 10 employees educated to degree level Expected £3 million turnover in 2009 ISO9001:2000 certified Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009

5 Detector Products MCP image intensifier Ultra fast MCP photomultipliers Streak tubes Magnetic focus image intensifiers De-magnifying gen 1 image intensifiers Vacuum compatible detectors Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009

6 Camera Products Photon counting Nanosecond ICCD Intensified CCD Fluorescence X-ray Particle imaging Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009

7 Electronic Products HT power supplies Nanosecond gating control Laser pulse generator Preamplifier Image intensifier cooling Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009

8 Applications Early warning Missile systems Wafer silicon inspection Astronomy including orbital space science experiments Ultra-high speed cameras Nuclear & high energy physics research Life-science research Industrial processing Security Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009

9 Space Science Projects ACEAdvanced Composition Explorer XMMUV Optical Monitor MSXUVISI Detector GUVIGlobal Ultraviolet Imager SSUSISpecial Sensor Ultra-violet Spectrographic Imager UVITUltra-Violet Imaging Telescope Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009

10 UV Optical Monitor Photon Imaging 170 nm to 550 nm region Aligned with X-Ray Telescope Provides Simultaneous Visible, UV and X-ray Images Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009

11 Technology Applications in Fluorescence Light Amplification –Intensified Camera –Photon Counting Camera Time resolution –Gated Intensified Camera ~ 3 ns –Photon Counting Camera ~ 100 ps Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009

12 Gated Intensified Camera Time resolution obtained by turning detector ON and OFF very quickly, equivalent to mechanical shutter Gating is non–mechanical : All electronic Electronic gate unit required to switch between +50 V and –200 V very quickly Aim for adjustable gating down to single ns Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009

13 Gating of MCP based Detectors CathodeMCP IN MCP OUT Screen or Anode ONOFF Cathode- 200 V+ 50 V MCP IN0 V MCP OUT V Screen / Anode V Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009

14 Gating Results - Method Laser is stepped through gate window Effectively frames response to 40 ps “delta” input Allows characterisation of detector response to gate Gate Trigger OFF ON 40 ps Laser Pulse Pulse Generator & Independent Delay Controller Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009

15 Gating Results – Image Intensifiers 18 mm diameter Image Intensifier 200 ps per frame Gating Window is moved through the region of interest to reconstruct the observed Fluorescence in time Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009

16 Photon Counting Camera More gain than Intensified Camera Detects single photon events Each photon can be resolved in time and space Time Consuming: Need 10 Fluorescent cycles to count 1 photon Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009

17 Photon Counting: Time Resolution Each photon is imaged in (x,y) and tagged in time t. A histogram of photon events is generated Photon Counting is usually a serial process Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009

18 In Development: Parallel Photon Counting Hi-Content Project: –Space & Particle physics technology into Life Science Collaboration with CERN, GCI, Leicester & Manchester Uni Multiple anodes connected to NINO ASIC devices Aim for 20 ps resolution, 10 Mcounts/sec per channel Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009

19 Hi-Content Applications The ‘omics: particularly Proteomics –The study of protein interactions in vivo Time resolved spectroscopies –Fluorescence lifetime imaging –Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy Plus others e.g. Raman, polarization anisotropy, dielectric, etc. Other applications: –Optical tomography, etc. Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009

20 Summary Photek is a specialist manufacturer of vacuum based detectors & cameras to industry & universities We can offer gated camera systems with 3 ns time resolution Our photon counting cameras can currently achieve 100 ps resolution in serial mode A parallel readout of 10Mcounts / second per channel with 20 ps resolution is in development Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009

21 Thank you for listening Live Cell Imaging – Stem Cell Research 24 June 2009