Warmup What must federal states have in order for them to be federal rather than unitary? Oh, and have your cell phone out. What must federal states have in order for them to be federal rather than unitary? Oh, and have your cell phone out.

Core-periphery grading: Map 1. No key 2. Uncolored 3. Not detailed enough 4. Countries aren’t continents 5. Really? 6. What country is this? 7. ??? 1. No key 2. Uncolored 3. Not detailed enough 4. Countries aren’t continents 5. Really? 6. What country is this? 7. ???

Core-periphery grading: Essay 1. At least 3 maps 2. Use different indicators 3. Be specific 4. Should be at least ½ page 1. At least 3 maps 2. Use different indicators 3. Be specific 4. Should be at least ½ page

Measuring Social and Economic Development A Look at the Human Development Index (HDI)

Understanding Indexes What is an index? An index is a composite of indicators that produces a single calculation which can then be ranked. What is an index? An index is a composite of indicators that produces a single calculation which can then be ranked. Let’s look at some examples!!

The Big Mac Index Click here Click here to watch a short informational video about the “Big Mac Index”

Other Common Indexes Click here Click here to see the 2008 rankings Click here Click here to see the indicators that make up the index

The Body Mass Index Click here Click here to calculate your own body mass index.

Table: Imperial BMI Formula BMI = ( lbs/inches² ) (Weight in pounds * 703 ) ———————————— height in inches² Imperial BMI Formula The imperial bmi formula accepts weight measurements in pounds & height measurements in either inches or feet. BMIWeight Status Below 18.5Underweight Normal Overweight 30 & AboveObese

NameHeightWeightBMI Tom Brady6’4″225 lbs27 Kobe Bryant6’6″200 lbs25 Matt Damon5’11″187 lbs26 Johnny Depp5’7″190 lbs27 Vin Diesel6’2″200 lbs26 Lebron James6’8″240 lbs26 Michael Jordan6’6″216 lbs25 Yao Ming7’6″310 lbs27 Brad Pitt6’0″203 lbs28 Andy Roddick6’2″197 lbs25 Will Smith6’2″210 lbs27 Denzel Washington6’0″199 lbs27 Tom Cruise5’7″201 lbs31 The Rock (Dwayne Johnson) 6’5″275 lbs33

Another Formula Adult Body Fat % = (1.20 x BMI) + (0.23 x Age) - (10.8 x gender) where male gender= 1, female=0. Adult Body Fat % = (1.20 x BMI) + (0.23 x Age) - (10.8 x gender) where male gender= 1, female=0.

And another… Procedure: 1) Multiply your bodyweight by Add the result to ) Multiply your waist girth by Once you get this result, subtract it from the number obtained in step 1 ( 3) Finally, subtract your lean bodyweight from your total bodyweight (Total weight-Lean Bodyweight). Once you get the result, multiply that number by 100. Once you get the result divide it by your total bodyweight. This final result is your percentage of body fat. Procedure: 1) Multiply your bodyweight by Add the result to ) Multiply your waist girth by Once you get this result, subtract it from the number obtained in step 1 ( 3) Finally, subtract your lean bodyweight from your total bodyweight (Total weight-Lean Bodyweight). Once you get the result, multiply that number by 100. Once you get the result divide it by your total bodyweight. This final result is your percentage of body fat.

Economic & Social Indexes Economic and social indexes are like those we just talked about except they include economic and social data (such as income, educational attainment, health, etc.) rather than wind speeds, body weight, and the like.

The Human Development Index (HDI) …is the best known composite index of social and economic well- being…

How the UNDP Measures Human Development The HDI consists of three equally weighted components: (1) “A long and healthy life” (Health) (2) “Knowledge” (Education) (3) “A decent standard of living” (Wealth) The HDI consists of three equally weighted components: (1) “A long and healthy life” (Health) (2) “Knowledge” (Education) (3) “A decent standard of living” (Wealth)

Deconstructing Each Measure Each component of the HDI is measured in the following way: Health Measured by life expectancy at birth. Education Measured as a combination of adult literacy (with two-thirds weight) and gross enrollment (with one-third weight). Wealth Measured by GDP per capita. Each component of the HDI is measured in the following way: Health Measured by life expectancy at birth. Education Measured as a combination of adult literacy (with two-thirds weight) and gross enrollment (with one-third weight). Wealth Measured by GDP per capita.

Calculating HDI: The United States In the United States, in 2005: The average life expectancy was The adult literacy rate was 99%. The gross enrollment rate was 93.3%. The GDP per capita was $41,890. The HDI was.951. The HDI ranking was 12th. In the United States, in 2005: The average life expectancy was The adult literacy rate was 99%. The gross enrollment rate was 93.3%. The GDP per capita was $41,890. The HDI was.951. The HDI ranking was 12th. Click here Click here to access an interactive HDI calculator.

U.S. HDI =.951 What does it mean that the U.S. ranks 12th in the world with an HDI of.951?

1Luxembourg ($80,471)11United Kingdom ($35,051) 2Ireland ($44,087)12Finland ($34,819) 3Norway ($43,574)13Belgium ($34,478) 414Sweden ($34,409) 5Iceland ($40,277)15Qatar ($33,049) 6Switzerland ($37,369)16Australia ($32,938) 7Denmark ($36,549)17Singapore ($32,867) 8Austria ($36,031)18Japan ($32,647) 9Canada ($35,494)19Germany ($31,095) 10Netherlands ($35,078)20Italy ($30,732) United States ($43,444) The IMF’s GDP Per Capita Rankings (2006) Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) As you can see here, the United States has the fourth highest GDP per capita in the world. The question is: how well is the United States using its income to bring about human development?

Is the HDI Enough to Measure a Country’s Level of Development? According to the UNDP, the answer is: “Not at all.” “The concept of human development is much broader than what can be captured in the HDI, or any other composite indices…” “The HDI and the other composite indices can only offer a broad proxy on some of the key the issues of human development…” “A fuller picture of a country's level of human development requires analysis of other human development indicators and information.” According to the UNDP, the answer is: “Not at all.” “The concept of human development is much broader than what can be captured in the HDI, or any other composite indices…” “The HDI and the other composite indices can only offer a broad proxy on some of the key the issues of human development…” “A fuller picture of a country's level of human development requires analysis of other human development indicators and information.”

A Sampling of Other Development Indexes The Economist’s “Quality of Life” IndexQuality of Life UNICEF’s “Child-Welfare” IndexChild-Welfare The “Happy Planet” IndexHappy Planet The UNDP’s “Human Poverty Index”Human Poverty Index The UNDP’s “Gender Empowerment Measure”Gender Empowerment Measure International Living’s “Quality of Life” IndexQuality of Life The “Global Peace Index”Global Peace Index Freedom House’s “Freedom Rankings”Freedom Rankings The Economist’s “Quality of Life” IndexQuality of Life UNICEF’s “Child-Welfare” IndexChild-Welfare The “Happy Planet” IndexHappy Planet The UNDP’s “Human Poverty Index”Human Poverty Index The UNDP’s “Gender Empowerment Measure”Gender Empowerment Measure International Living’s “Quality of Life” IndexQuality of Life The “Global Peace Index”Global Peace Index Freedom House’s “Freedom Rankings”Freedom Rankings

Three Issues to Consider When Evaluating Indexes Like the HDI 1) Validity 2) Reliability 3) Parsimony 1) Validity 2) Reliability 3) Parsimony

Validity What is the index supposed to measure? What indicators make up the index? Are these the best indicators for this index? How are the indicators calculated? Are there better ways to calculate these indicators? In short, how well does the index actually measure what it is supposed to be measuring? What is the index supposed to measure? What indicators make up the index? Are these the best indicators for this index? How are the indicators calculated? Are there better ways to calculate these indicators? In short, how well does the index actually measure what it is supposed to be measuring?

Reliability Who or what organization collected the data? How were the data collected? In short, if you or someone else were to try to replicate the index would you end up with more or less the same results? Who or what organization collected the data? How were the data collected? In short, if you or someone else were to try to replicate the index would you end up with more or less the same results?

Parsimony The whole point of an index is to simplify the measurement of a particular phenomenon. In short, does the index rely upon as few indicators as reasonably possible without undermining its validity? The whole point of an index is to simplify the measurement of a particular phenomenon. In short, does the index rely upon as few indicators as reasonably possible without undermining its validity?

And another… Procedure: 1) Multiply your bodyweight by Add the result to ) Multiply your waist girth by Once you get this result, subtract it from the number obtained in step 1 ( 3) Finally, subtract your lean bodyweight from your total bodyweight (Total weight-Lean Bodyweight). Once you get the result, multiply that number by 100. Once you get the result divide it by your total bodyweight. This final result is your percentage of body fat. Procedure: 1) Multiply your bodyweight by Add the result to ) Multiply your waist girth by Once you get this result, subtract it from the number obtained in step 1 ( 3) Finally, subtract your lean bodyweight from your total bodyweight (Total weight-Lean Bodyweight). Once you get the result, multiply that number by 100. Once you get the result divide it by your total bodyweight. This final result is your percentage of body fat.

Writing Exercise How would you define human development? Specifically, what indicators would you focus on if you were trying to measure human development? Would you measure human development differently than the Human Development Index (HDI)? Why or why not? Explain. How would you define human development? Specifically, what indicators would you focus on if you were trying to measure human development? Would you measure human development differently than the Human Development Index (HDI)? Why or why not? Explain.

What’s the Economy For, Anyway? A Project of the Center for Communication and Civic Engagement at the University of Washington.

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The UNDP’s HDI Rankings (2005) 1Iceland (.968)11Finland (.951) 2Norway (.968)12 3Australia (961)13Spain (.949) 4Canada (.960)14Denmark (.949) 5Ireland (.959)15Austria (.948) 6Sweden (.956)16United Kingdom (.946) 7Switzerland (.955)17Belgium (.946) 8Japan (.953)18Luxembourg (.944) 9Netherlands (.953)19New Zealand (.943) 10France (.952)20Italy (.941) United States (.951) Click here Click here to access an interactive graph which shows how some countries do better than others in turning income into education and health opportunities and therefore into higher levels of human development.