DNA: Transcription & Translation How do we go from DNA to PROTEIN?

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Replication, Transcription, & Translation

Advertisements

From DNA to Protein Section 11.2 Pg

Transcription & Translation Biology 6(C). Learning Objectives Describe how DNA is used to make protein Explain process of transcription Explain process.

RNA Transcription.

Protein Synthesis. The DNA Code The order of bases along the DNA strand codes for the order in which amino acids are chemically joined together to form.

The Structure of RNA RiboNucleic Acid

Section 2 From DNA to Protein

RNA and Protein Synthesis. DNA to RNA to Protein Focus Questions: –How does the message coded in the base sequence of DNA eventually create a protein?

Protein Synthesis (Gene Expression). Review Nucleotide sequence in DNA is used to make proteins that are the key regulators of cell functions. Proteins.

Gene to Protein Part 2: Translation After the mRNA transcript leaves the nucleus it goes to a ribosome (site of protein synthesis).

Chapter 11 DNA and Genes. Proteins Form structures and control chemical reactions in cells. Polymers of amino acids. Coded for by specific sequences of.

RNA Ribonucleic acid single stranded also made of nucleotides.

A QUICK INTRODUCTION Protein Synthesis. Key Terms Gene RNA mRNA tRNA rRNA Transcription Translation Codon Anticodon Ribosome Denature RNA Polymerase.

NOTES: Chapter 13 - RNA & Protein Synthesis

Q2 WK8 D3 & 4. How does DNA’s message travel OUT of the nucleus and INTO THE CELL, where the message gets expressed as a protein??? This is known as…

Transcription and Translation

Protein Synthesis Chapter 13. Protein Synthesis  How does your DNA eventually lead to your different phenotypes (hair color, eye color, etc)

Protein Synthesis Transcription and Translation DNA Transcription RNA Translation Protein.

Protein Synthesis. The DNA Code It is a universal code. The order of bases along the DNA strand codes for the order in which amino acids are chemically.

Transcription. Define the following Messenger RNA Ribosomal RNA Transfer RNA Transcription Codon.

Section 11-2 From DNA to Proteins.  Enzymes control all the chemical reactions of an organism  Thus, by encoding the instructions form making proteins,

RNA and protein synthesis. RNA Single strand of nucleotides Sugar is ribose Uracil instead of thymine.

THE MOST IMPORTANT BIOLOGY LESSON OF THE YEAR How does DNA work?

Protein Synthesis: DNA CONTAINS THE GENETIC INFORMATION TO PRODUCE PROTEINS BUT MUST FIRST BE CONVERTED TO RND TO DO SO.

Chapter From DNA to Protein.

Protein Synthesis Transcription. DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

Transcription and Translation.  Genes: are segments of DNA that code for proteins  Most nucleotide base sequences in DNA don’t code for anything  ATGCGAATCGTAGCATACGATGCATGCACGTG.

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA/ TRANSCRIPTION / TRANSLATION

Protein Synthesis Transcription and Translation DNA Transcription RNA Translation Protein.

How does DNA control cell activities?. Protein Production The sequence of nucleotides in DNA contains instructions for producing proteins. The sequence.

DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis

RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

RNA Another Nucleic Acid.

DNA to Protein The processes of DNA transcription and translation.

Structure of DNA DNA is made up of a long chain of nucleotides

Protein Synthesis: Transcription & Translation.

Objective Explain the function and structure of RNA. Determine how transcription produces a RNA copy of DNA. Analyze the purpose of transcription.

RNA & Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis. The DNA Code The order of bases along the DNA strand codes for the order in which amino acids are chemically joined together to form.

Protein Synthesis Transcription. DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus.

Protein Synthesis. Review…  DNA:  Found in the nucleus  Double stranded  Contains the instructions for controlling the cell (including instructions.

Chapter 12-3: RNA & Protein Synthesis Essential Questions:  What are 3 types of RNA?  What is the function of 3 types of RNA?  What happens during transcription?

Protein Synthesis Making Proteins from DNA. DNA & the Nucleus DNA cannot leave the nucleus! So how can we get the information for making proteins out.

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Page 300. A. Introduction 1. Chromosomes are a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of.

From DNA to Proteins. DNA contains __________________ and the instructions for making ________. Why is DNA important? genetic information proteins.

Transcription & Translation. Objectives: Relate the concept of the gene to the sequences of nucleotides in DNA Sequence the steps involved in protein.

Chapter  Relate the concept of the gene to the sequence of nucleotides in DNA  Sequence the steps involved in protein synthesis ◦ DNA  mRNA =

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS CHAPTER 10 section 4

Protein Synthesis From genes to proteins.

Protein Synthesis.

Protein Synthesis.

Protein Synthesis.

RNA Another Nucleic Acid.

Protein Synthesis.

Protein Synthesis.

Protein Synthesis: Translation

Chp: 12 Transcription & Translation

From DNA to Proteins.

Transcription and Translation

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS = CELL CONTROL

RNA - TRANSLATION.

Translation and Transcription

Unit 7: Molecular Genetics

Transcription and Translation

Protein Synthesis.

Protein Synthesis.

3 July 2019 P. 56 Complete Quick Lab p. 303 Compare and contrast:

The Production of Proteins by DNA

Presentation transcript:

DNA: Transcription & Translation How do we go from DNA to PROTEIN?

WHAT DO WE NEED? DNA RNA –mRNA: messenger RNA –rRNA: ribosomal RNA –tRNA: transfer RNA Amino Acids  Proteins

DNA The genetic code or “blue-print” of life Contains the bases A, T, C, and G to code for amino acids

DNA/ Genes/ Codons DNA is made of approximately 80,000 genes Genes are sections of DNA that code for a single protein Codons are a set of 3 bases that code for an amino acid

RNA Polymer of ribonucleotides –Sugar (ribose) –Phosphate group –Nitrogenous base (A, U, C, G) Single-strand Three types: mRNA, rRNA, tRNA

ROLES OF RNA mRNA: transports information from DNA from the nucleus to the cell’s cytoplasm rRNA: (makes up ribosomes): clamps on to mRNA and reads its information to assemble amino acids in the correct order tRNA: transports amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into proteins

Transcription & Translation

TRANSCRIPTION Process in the cell’s nucleus where enzymes make an RNA copy (mRNA) of the DNA strand

Steps of Transcription Separation of Strands: enzymes unzip DNA in the bases Base Pairing: free RNA ribonucleotides pair with complementary DNA bases –Only happens to ONE strand of DNA –Uracil bonds with Adenine of the DNA

Steps of Transcription (cont’d) Ribonucleotides Bond: ribonucleotides of mRNA bond due to an enzyme Leaves Nucleus: mRNA strand breaks away from DNA and enters the cytoplasm (where translation begins)

Transcription to Translation

Translation Process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids that will make a protein

Steps of Translation Ribosomes Attach: mRNA enters the cytoplasm where ribosomes of rRNA attach to it rRNA reads mRNA: rRNA slides down the mRNA and signals to tRNA to bring the right amino acid –Start codon (AUG) signals where to begin making the protein

tRNA tRNA has a clover- leaf shape with an anti-codon attached to one of the “leaves” and an amino acid attached to the “stem”

Steps of Translation (cont’d) tRNA brings amino acids: tRNA with the correct anti-codon arrives and temporarily bonds to the codon of mRNA rRNA slides and reads: rRNA continues to slide down the mRNA and reads next codon  new tRNA

Steps of Translation (cont’d) Amino acids join: an enzyme joins the amino acids (of tRNA) with peptide bonds –Once joined, the now amino acid free tRNA detaches from the mRNA strand –This process continues until a stop codon (UAA/UAG/UGA) is read

Transcription & Translation: END RESULT A chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds  PROTEIN

Transcription & Translation Sequence Animation of Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis Video

References Transcription & Translation Images: ans.HP.html ans.HP.html Transcription & Translation Animation: Protein Synthesis Video: Messenger RNA, Transfer RNA, and Protein Synthesis. United Learning Discovery Education. 15 December 2009