The Korea Case: Transparency in Land Administration By Beckhee Cho Director, Global Business Department LX Korea Land and Geospatial Informatix Corp.

(“Principles of good governance in land administration” Land: Our most precious Resource “Secure tenure and access to land have been universally accepted as a fundamental element in promoting economic growth and social development” (“Principles of good governance in land administration” Wael Zakout et al.)

The basis for Sound Land Administration Transparency Rule of law Accountability (Responsibility)) Effectiveness Participation Equity(Fairness)

Lack of such principles leads to… Problems on tenure security Land conflicts Lack or shortage of revenue for the government, both national and local Illegal or irregular transaction of real estate Unstable investment in land Unfair distribution of land Ineffective usage of land Environmentally unfriendly behavior Others

The Korea Case: were there only successes? Of course NOT !! Duplicated systems Mis-design of system/DB Mis-conversion Different views from different departments We’ve had our shares of “trials & errors” Heterogeneous data Informal process Korea’s way, however, was not smoothly carried out when it was trying to build up the cadastral system. It had its own share of trials and errors when establishing land information system called “KLIS.” When developing the KLIS system, the Korean government also had to face problems of organizational self-interests and duplication of works. While the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs was developing ‘Parcel Based Land Information System”(PBLIS) focused on the cadastral sector in 2003, the Ministry of Construction and Transportation was developing the Land Management Information System, that is LMIS on land use and land planning. As a result of that, different views among different Ministries and duplication of works led to inefficiency, So the Board of Audit and Inspection decided that the system had to be integrated into one system. The integrated system was named on ‘Korean Land information system’ in 2005. Korea also has faced many trials and errors when computerizing the cadastral maps and books. Data produced in various formats by scattered systems in different ministries. Moreover different local governments were another serious problem. The unified land Information system laid the foundation for the current Korea’s e-Government. The fact that Korea’s e-government started with the land information system is a unique characteristic. With these track records, we can provide a clear solution for establishing and operating such a system based on cadastral and land information.

The solution Land Information System Modernization and digitalization of cadastral maps and land management system Land Information System (Korea Land Information System) Open information for the public – transparency Allow me to present “the Land Management System in Korea.” Let me start from the past and work up to the present in the next few slides.

Korea Land Information System (KLIS) To establish a more efficient and systematic land administration and innovate civil service Increase transparency and reliability of land information Establish a foundation for innovative and systematic policies Enhance public service by creating a unified channel to provide land information Promote advancements in property transactions based on transparent information Construction of a nationwide ICT-based system using an ultra high-speed national network, linking the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport with 17 metropolitan cities and provinces, and 229 cities, counties, and wards Land informatization in Korea was launched to resolve civil complaints that arose from a clash between zonings. First, it was made easy to engage in computer-based administrative management of the status of approximately 180 special-purpose areas and districts pursuant to 80 laws. Second, comprehensive land regulation information, based on a plot unit, is provided online. Third, a property management administrative system was built to be jointly used for the establishment of various land usage plans, including land suitability assessments. The aim of the land informatization project was to informatize land-related duties so that citizens could receive online data on land anywhere and anytime, thereby increasing the productivity of land administrative work. Another goal was to support the systematic establishment of policies by enabling officials who handle land-related duties to quickly and accurately collect data. The problems Civil Application issuance in limited place Repetition of production and management of data Duplication of works Multiple investment of informationization Prolonged and time-consuming procedures Disorder of data management

KLIS Korea Land Information System Administrative Data Survey Data Land Administration support system Survey Data Spatial Data management system Internet reading & issuing service Real Estate Urban Planning Price & Value Tax Land Boundary Real Estate Transaction Registration Property Handwritten documents Internet civil affair service KLIS brings together approximately 80 laws related to land as well as spatial and attribute information for Internet-based handling of the government’s land administration duties and civil services. Using KLIS, citizens can peruse and issue 13 types of civil documents, including land usage plan confirmation documents, individual housing price confirmation documents, and cadastral maps. In addition, 35 types of property-related duties can be handled, including land transaction permission and registration of property development business. All of these services can be handled online or through mobile devices. Web-based Parcel Docu. Manag. Sys. Paper maps Administrative Data Real estate Farmland Forest Development Value

KLIS A comprehensive ICT-based system supporting 14 administrative processes including land, cadaster, property, urban planning, and providing open information service for the public over the web Connection system Land policy support system MLTM 100 external connection system Internet civil service Civil District Internet (Public Network) Land management support system State Land Administration Support Administrative data Cadastral data Forest data... Public Price (land, housing) Spatial Data Management Parcel Document Korea Information Highway What is the KLIS? The KLIS is a system designed to monitor all comprehensive real estate information in the country at a glance through the systematic management of Parcel-based information such as land, cadastre, building, urban planning, etc. The system has supported 14 cases of land administration management works on land, housing, and city planning each including 229 districts(using KLIS) and 17 major cities. Furthermore it has provided 48 civil services for the public. One billion documents including land-use planning confirmation documents and cadastral maps are issued to the public every year. Among the 14 services provided by the KLIS, the LX has played an important role in providing real-time cadastral information retrieved from the field and provides three services, land transaction, land survey performance and parcel document.

The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Governmental Structure for Land Administration ROLE Cadaster Land Land Value Cadaster service Registration LX & Private Sector The Supreme Court The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (Office of Housing and Land) - Operating Laws & Planning - Policy Making - Guidance & Supervision Reception of Request for surveying Cadastral surveying KLIS management & upload data Development of DB & systems Registry Office Province/Metro City (17) (Land Administration Department) Land Administration Sector & Role Land Management Supply - Statistics Management - Internet Service Registration task Real estate Information Management Before starting to introduce the LX, Please let me present you with more details about land administration in Korea. Regarding Cadastre, Land, and Land value, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is in charge of implementing laws and making policies. Actually 17 provinces and 262 municipalities provide land information to the pubic. In line with this, LX plays an important role in the field of cadastral survey by providing real-time changes in land information. And also for land registration, 262 registry offices under the Supreme Court are working. Municipality (262) (Land Administration Department) Cadastral Records Management - Land Administration Civil Service Korea Land Information System(KLIS) Real Estate Registration System Relative System

Public service view and issuance of land-related documents through the Internet Open to everyone ! 인터넷 안방민원처리시스템은 토지관련 민원신청 채널을 안방에서도 홈페이지를 통해 편리하게 신청할 수 있는 시스템입니다. KLIS를 통해 관리되고 있는 토지정보의 대국민 서비스를 위해 인터넷민원발급시스템을 구축하였습니다. 인터넷을 통한 민원열람 및 발급으로 토지행정업무를 효율적으로 처리 할 수 있으며 국민 삶의 질적 향상을 도모하였습니다.

Web-based Parcel Document Management System Monitoring errors on land Securing reliability

Citizen-centered information Internet Civil Affair Service Tracking of civil request Real time transaction value Citizen-centered information

Reduction of administrative cost by informatization 197 types of documents Parcel documents 39 types Development fee 23 types Public housing price 37 types Public land price 52 types Property brokerage 20 types Land transaction permit 7 types Integrated civil documents 19 types Land administration the KLIS offers cost reduction effects for administrative duties performed by public officials. Digitizing 197 types of administrative land and cadastral information, including parcel documents, individual public land prices, and individual housing prices, has resulted in annual cost reduction effects of 7.7M US dollars in Korea.

Accessibility Anytime, anywhere! Current cadastral surveys in Korea are being carried out in real time based on a RTK-Network method. In the land administration sector, land-related data are unified in a computer system so that people can easily access land administration information through a touch screen at district offices and public places. The service is also available on the internet. Thus, a systematic system with up-to-date survey and IT technologies has made it possible to provide land information services to the Korean public anytime, anywhere.

Korea’s e-Government No.1 global ranking by UN survey three times in a row

Beyond KLIS Catastre Architecture Land Registration Agriculture Defense Environment As you can see in this slide, KLIS is being used for diverse purposes both in the public and private sectors. As the main infrastructure and hub of national spatial data, it supports scientific and safe national land management and provides basic national spatial information in today’s ubiquitous era. Moving forward, continued service improvements will be made to ensure transparency in property transactions and land administrative duties. Open civil services will be provided to ensure citizens’ right to know and to protect citizens’ property rights. By providing diverse information to various external systems in real time, KLIS will fully perform its roles as Korea’s standard spatial data platform. Maritime Cultural Property Administration RTMS UPIS U-city Forest

Thank you for your attention! Thank you very much, this is the end of my presentation.