The Beginning of Man

Pangaea P8

Pangaea Breaks Apart The first inhabitants travel to the Americas watch?v=mmbU7mQIc-c Early Nomads are hunters and gathers – They travel following their food source

Before Columbus Nomads begin to settle and grow crops and develop cities (America Before Columbus) (Did Columbus Discover America?)

Europe Middle Ages – 500 to 1500 A.D. – widespread starvation, poverty, disease and warfare in Europe The Renaissance – the rebirth of education, art, and literature Christianity becomes main religion of Europe Crusades – brought Europe into contact with Asia, Europeans gained desire for Asian goods Marco Polo traveled from Italy to China in 1274; wrote book about adventures; made people want to travel New technologies – ships, sails, compass, guns Expanding populations – needed more space

Trade increased – merchants wanted access to Asia – spices, silk, porcelain Main trade route was called the Silk Road – long and dangerous land route Portugal – led European exploration for water route to Asia – Vasco da Gama Caravels – small, fast ships good for exploring

Caravel

Other Explorers Amerigo Vespucci – 1 st European to find the mainland of the Americas – 1499, 1502 Giovanni da Verrazano – 1 st European to reach North Carolina – 1524 French – Canada English – Atlantic coast of North America Spanish – Central and South America

Christopher Columbus Leif Eriksson sights land Amerigo Vespucci

Silk Road

European Explorations

Columbus Departs from Spain

Columbus Comes to the Americas tch?v=My8Vd-NZ8Qo tch?v=My8Vd-NZ8Qo (Columbus Biography) Europeans bring diseases that kill off approx. 90% of the native population Force native population into slavery in the pursuit of gold and riches

The Columbian Biological Exchange Old World to New World: New World to Old World: Diseases:Smallpox Measles Chicken Pox Malaria Yellow Fever Influenza The Common Cold Syphilis | This page was last updated on 12/3/98. | Return to History 111 SupplementsReturn to History 111 Supplements

Smallpox Victim Native populations were devastated by disease

The Columbian Biological Exchange Old World to New World: New World to Old World: Animals:Horses Cattle Pigs Sheep Goats Chickens Turkeys Llamas Alpacas Guinea Pigs

The Columbian Biological Exchange Old World to New World: New World to Old World: Plants:Rice Wheat Barley Oats Coffee Sugarcane Bananas Melons Olives Dandelions Daisies Clover Ragweed Kentucky Bluegrass Corn (Maize) Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties) Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima Varieties) Tobacco Peanuts Squash Peppers Tomatoes Pumpkins Pineapples Cacao (Source of Chocolate) Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum) Papayas Manioc (Tapioca) Guavas Avocados

3 G’s of Expansion 1.Gold -Riches (Mostly Explorers) 2.God -Convert Natives 3.Glory -Make a Name for Themselves

Discovering Mexico Spanish Conquistadors continue to explore the Americas in search of gold Many marry native women and have children labeled mestizo Cortez discovers the Aztec population and conquers the native people – Native people decreased from approx. 20 million to 2 million people in less than 100 years

Setting Up Trade St. Augustine (Florida) is secured as a trading sight with Europe Settlers begin to settle in New Mexico, natives rebel “The Pope Rebellion” – Burned down churches and killed priests “The Black Legend” is born – Settlers only come to conquer and torture natives, take gold, and give small box/diseases before leaving

England Comes to America Sir Francis Drake Sails Around the World – Brings back plundered Spanish gold to England England Becomes a Strong Naval Power

Roanoke Colony Settlers (Men and Women) come to Roanoke Island Stay 3 years Disappear

The Virginia Company King James I sends settlers (Mostly Men) to establish Jamestown (1609) Captain John Smith Arrives and Commands – Gets the settlement in order 400 settlers come, After the harsh winter of only 60 survive tch?v=OA1wYOlJN4o

Jamestown 1st permanent English settlement – Virginia in 1607 John Smith (military leader), John Rolfe (tobacco), Pocahontas (married Rolfe, not Smith) Colony almost did not survive – bad location and they did not bring farmers nor carpenters on the first trip 1608 – Starving Time due to a famine 1619 (a big year): House of Burgess (1 st representative assembly), English women arrive, Africans brought as Indentured Servants

Jamestown

John Smith John Rolfe marries Pocahontas Pocahontas

Plymouth Rock Sought Religious Freedom from England Mayflower (Ship) drops settlers off and returns to England Pilgrims (People) Livestock, books, dogs, families, spinning wheels Arrive in the middle of winter GAV44 Disease rapidly wipes out population before shelters are built BIaER4http:// BIaER4 (The Truth About Thanksgiving)

Powhatan Wars Lord De La Warr brings supplies and military to Jamestown – Starts war with the Powhatan Tribe Pocahontas Marries John Rolfe – Ends the first Anglo-Powhatan War By 1685, English Consider Powhatan Tribes Extinct after Second Anglo- Powhatan War

West Africa Societies were similar to North America Carried on most of their trade with Europe and Asia Became the center of the world’s slave trade Slaves A. War Prisoners B. Criminals C. People kidnapped from other tribes

The West Indian Islands England claims for sugar crop Starts Slave Trade – African slaves shipped to the islands – Slaves to Englishman (4:1) Barbados Slave Code of 1661 – Took away all basic rights for slaves

Triangle Trade