DNA

All living things contain a blueprint for the entire organism inside a special molecule known as _____. DNA stands for _____________________. A DNA molecule is a long repeating chain of ___________. DNA deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotides

Every nucleotide in DNA has 3 parts: 1: The ___________ group. 2: A ________ named ___________. 3: One of the 4 ________ bases. phosphate sugar deoxyribose nitrogen 1 2 3

The sugar and the phosphate are on the outside of the DNA molecule, so they combine to form the sugar-phosphate __________ of DNA. backbone

On the inside of the molecule you will find the __________ bases. nitrogen

The 4 nitrogen bases in DNA are: A T G C AdenineThymineGuanineCytosine

Quick Question Q: Why do you think they are called the nitrogen bases? A: Because they all contain the element nitrogen!

The instructions for the organism are carried by the __________________________ like the code in a computer program. This information is used to make the _________ which direct all of the metabolic processes of the cell. proteins sequence of nitrogen bases TGACGTCA

As you can see in the diagram, two chains of nucleic acids join together to form a _________________ molecule of DNA. When this happens, the double-stranded DNA twists into the shape of a ____________. This looks similar to the shape of a twisted ladder. double-stranded double helix

Understanding how DNA is packaged: DNA is a very long molecule that is thousands of nucleotides long. These long molecules are wound and wound into a very dense units known as _____________. These _____________ contain so much DNA that they are large enough to see with an optical microscope. chromosomes Human Chromosomes

Important Fact: 1. If a cell has a nucleus for the DNA, it is called a ____________ cell. 2. If a cell does NOT have a nucleus for the DNA, it is called a _____________ cell. Decide if the following cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic: prokaryotic eukaryotic ______________ prokaryoteeukaryote prokaryote eukaryote

While DNA is considered the _____________ for the entire organism, it is important that you understand that DNA only has the instructions for making one thing: ____________. blueprint proteins protein

Everything about you is determined by how __________ interact, and the instructions for making them are stored inside of the _______. We will spend the next few lessons learning exactly how this works. proteins DNA

DNA base pairing: The nitrogen bases between the two strands of a double-stranded DNA molecule will pair together in a very specific way. Determine which nitrogen bases pair together based on the diagram on the front of this page or on the screen. ______ pairs with ______ AT GC

Q: Compare the letters in each pair. How can you remember that these go together? A: __________________________________________ A pairs with T G pairs with C The letters made with straight lines go together. OR A: ____________________________________________ The letters made with curved lines go together. CAN YOU THINK OF ANY OTHER CREATIVE WAYS TO REMEMBER?