Solving equations The balancing method

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Presentation transcript:

Solving equations The balancing method An equation means that two things are equal. If the scales balance, then the value of each side must be equal.

Two bags of x marbles plus five extra marbles equals 21 marbles. If we remove a marble from one side, we must remove a marble from the other side so that the scales still balance. x x 2x + 5 = 21 2x + 4 = 20

The scales now show that two bags of x marbles plus four extra marbles equals 20 marbles. We can continue to remove marbles, as long as we do the same thing to each side. x x 2x + 5 = 21 2x + 4 = 20 2 3 1 16 19 18 17

The scales now show that two bags of x marbles equals 16 marbles. We can’t remove any more marbles, but we can halve the values on each side. ÷ 2 ÷ 2 x x 2x + 5 = 21 2x = 16 x = 8

2x + 5 = x + 10 2x = x + 5 x = 5 Try another one: Two bags of x marbles plus five extra marbles equals one bag of x marbles plus ten extra marbles. x x x 2x + 5 = x + 10 Remove 5 marbles. 2x = x + 5 Remove a bag of marbles. x = 5

2x + 6 = x + 9 2x = x + 3 x = 3 Try another one: Two bags of x marbles plus six extra marbles equals one bag of x marbles plus nine extra marbles. x x x 2x + 6 = x + 9 Remove 6 marbles. 2x = x + 3 Remove a bag of marbles. x = 3

Whatever we do to one side of the equation we must do to the other. When solving equations, try to imagine the scales. To make sure the equation balances … Whatever we do to one side of the equation we must do to the other. 2x + 6 = x + 9 Example 1: 2x + 6 = x + 9 -6 2x = x + 3 -x x = 3 2x + 6 = x + 9 -x x + 6 = 9 Does it matter if you subtracted the x or the number first? -6 x = 3

Whatever we do to one side of the equation we must do to the other. When solving equations, try to imagine the scales. To make sure the equation balances … Whatever we do to one side of the equation we must do to the other. 8x – 5 = 11 Example 2: 5p – 17 = -2 Example 3: + 5 + 17 8x = 16 5p = 15 ÷ 8 ÷ 5 x = 2 p = 3 3x – 5 = x + 11 Example 4: 7q – 6 = 3q + 10 Example 5: + 5 + 6 3x = x + 16 7q = 3q + 16 - x - 3q 2x = 16 4q = 16 ÷ 2 ÷ 4 x = 8 q = 4

Whatever we do to one side of the equation we must do to the other. When solving equations, try to imagine the scales. To make sure the equation balances … Whatever we do to one side of the equation we must do to the other. Solve the following equations: 3x + 8 = 20 7x – 9 = 26 5x – 40 = -5 3x + 7 = x + 11 6x + 5 = 4x + 10 5p – 3 = 2p + 9 4y – 7 = 2y – 9 x = 4 x = 5 x = 7 x = 2 x = 2.5 p = 4 y = -1