Territory included: Mountainous peninsula Divided Greeks – never unified 1,400 islands W. coast Asia Minor/Anatolia “Did not live on land, but AROUND seas” Seas = Liquid highways Trade very important b/c little resources No timber, precious metals, usable farmland Ate simple diet grapes, grains, olives Moderate climate Winter = 48 degrees F Summer = 80 degrees F Most people spent time outside
Marriage of Thetis and Peleus
HeraAthenaAphrodite
Helen of Sparta
MenelausAgamemnon
OdysseusAchilles
Iphigenia
Briseis Plague Death of Patroclus Death of Hector Death of AchillesDeath of Paris
Helen gets back w/ Menelaus, but they’re stranded in Egypt for 7 years Agamemnon makes it back to Mycenae, but is killed by his wife Clytemnestra with an axe Odysseus wandered the sea for 10 years before returning home to Ithaca
Homer’s Troy (VII)
MINOANSMYCENAE Island of Crete Sir Arthur Evans King Minos Peaceful culture? Palace culture, vivid frescos, bull cult, fishing and trade Linear A Minotaur Greek Mainland Schliemann King Agamemnon Warlike culture Palace culture, walls and defenses, beehive and shaft graves Linear B Troy
(DORIANS} (DORIANS}
Greek City State or Citizen State “the people” or “the community”
Each polis had an agora (market place) and acropolis (fortified citadel)
Fundamental idea: All male citizens equal political rights based on ownership of property Non-citizen = Women, children, slaves and resident aliens (aka outsiders)
THE ILIAD AND THE ODYSSEYTHEOGONY AND WORKS AND DAYS
Polytheistic Hierarchal Moral guideline Anything in excess improper Explained world Myths
Aphrodite- Love & Beauty Apollo- Sun & Music Ares- War Artemis- Hunt Athena- Wisdom & Arts Demeter- Harvest Dionysus- Wine Hades- Underworld Hephaestus- Metallurgy Hera- Family Hermes- Trade Hestia- Hearth Poseidon- Sea Zeus- Sky
Immortal, but not all powerful Act like humans, have human vices too Meddle and mingle w/ humans
“Place of Hades” Early thought = Gloomy Place Later thought = Place of Judgment Rewarded or cursed Fields of Asphodel Tartarus Punishment fit crime
Build temples National shrines Oracle of Delphi Sacrifice Festivals Olympics