New France – The beginning Grade 7 HISTORY New France – The beginning

Vocabulary Exploration – Seeking new lands and new routes Colonization – Settling and controlling new lands Missionary – bringing one’s religious teachings to others who do not share them Monopoly – a right granted for one person or group to control buying and selling Mercantilism – economic theory that called for a country to accumulate wealth in gold and silver.

Review – First People and European Explorers Numerous theories explain how and why they came to the Americas Beringia Theory – ocean levels dropped during the ice age and exposed a continent-sized bridge joining Siberia and North America http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJaMyd8cNYQ

Native American Creation Theories Many Native People had their own versions of creation stories. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P3XoYZgvEH8

Hunters (Northern Hunters and some Algonquian Peoples) First Peoples were divided into six groups according to their traditional way of life Hunters (Northern Hunters and some Algonquian Peoples) Fishers (Northwest Coast Peoples) Hunters and Farmers (Iroquoian and some Algonquian Peoples) Hunters and Gatherers (Plains People) Gatherers (Plateau Peoples) Hunters and fishers (Arctic Peoples)

16th Century European fishing fleets made annual visits to the Eastern shores of Canada. Unorganized dealing with fur trading was done on the side. In the late 16th C beaver hats grew very fashionable and the marquis de la Roche was granted a royal monopoly which gave him exclusive rights to trade in furs. La Roche established a small community on Sable Island

Sable Island, also known as the ‘graveyard of the Atlantic”. What can you infer about why this mission may have been a failure?

Pierre du Gua de Monts and Samuel de Champlain In 1604 the fur monopoly was granted to du Guast who settled a colony near the mouth of the St. Croix River.

Champlain Lieutenant and geographer who promptly carried out exploration of the north-eastern coastline (what is now the United States). By Spring the settlement was moved to Port Royal on the shore of the Annapolis Basin.

Port Royal This settlement was described as the Habitation and was France’s most successful colony.

Why was colonization necessary? To develop the region’s resources To supply the European country with inexpensive raw materials and products To provide a market for Europe’s manufactured products Spain had been successful in colonizing Central and South America. This impressed the English and French so they wanted to colonize the areas on North America that they had claimed.

QUESTIONS... Why do you think it would be important which country reached newly discovered areas first? What part does a country’s flag play in exploration and colonization? (symbolism) Why do you think setting up permanent settlements in new areas would be more beneficial than temporary settlement?