Traditional Chinese Medicine Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc.

What is TCM? Used in China for > 3000 years Complete system of medicine Capable of treating full spectrum of complaints Evolved independent of Western medicine Serves as a great complement to Western medicine

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Basic Principles Yin Yang Two parts of one whole Dynamic Interdependent One creates the other

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Basic Principles Yin Cold Negative Moist Female Dark Yang Warmth Positive Dry Male Light

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Basic Principles Yin Yang Components of both make up human body Balance of two must be maintained to stay healthy Imbalance results in illness and pain TCM modalities work to restore this balance

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Basic Principles Qi Integral concept in TCM Form of energy found in all things Flows through the environment Basis for feng shui Source of health and wellness

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Basic Principles Qi Flows through all life Source of health and wellness When flow is disrupted, illness and pain result Cannot be measured, seen, or touched Studies are being performed to better understand

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Basic Principles Both yin/yang imbalances and Qi disruptions can lead to health problems What affects one will inevitably affect the other These are just two of many concepts that form the basis of TCM

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. TCM Approach Interdependence of the body No such thing as just a symptom All symptoms point to an underlying imbalance Multiple symptoms are caused by a single imbalance/pattern

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. TCM Approach Example: Signs/symptoms Hypertension Headache Feeling flushed Easily angered Dry mouth Dizzy All these are caused by Liver Fire

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. TCM Approach TCM diagnostic vocabulary may seem strange Principles observed in nature are applied to the body to create these terms Use words like “fire,” “dampness,” and “wind”

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. TCM Approach Example: Fire is: Red, Hot, Blazing Angry person is: Red in the face Sweating Rapid pulse Therefore, an angry person has a fire inside of him/her

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. TCM Diagnosis Individualized system of diagnosis Not everyone with same symptom gets the same diagnosis For example, asthma can be caused by numerous patterns Diagnosis must be given before treatment can begin

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. TCM Diagnosis Comprehensive health history Tongue diagnosis Pulse diagnosis

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Treatment Modalities Acupuncture Chinese herbal medicine Acupressure Moxibustion

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Treatment Modalities, con’t Cupping Chinese massage Also known as Tui Na Meditative physical exercise Such as Tai Chi and Qi Gong Nutritional counseling

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Acupuncture Insertion of fine needles into specific points Called acupoints Points lie over the flow of Qi beneath the skin Lines of Qi flow are called meridians Meridians correspond to organs

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Acupuncture Points are chosen based on diagnosis and nature of complaint 361 classical acupoints Each point has a specific effect With proper point selection and manipulation, corrects disruptions in Qi flow

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc.

Acupuncture Needles Solid (filiform) needles Disposable Usually gauge Variety of brands, styles, and qualities

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Does It Hurt? Slight pinch upon insertion Different styles of acupuncture create different levels of sensation Should always find an acupuncturist that matches personal preference

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Growing Acceptance Acupuncture is most common CAT recommended by physicians Second most covered CAT by health insurance

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Clinical Studies Adult postoperative and chemotherapy-associated nausea/vomiting Postoperative pain Pain control for osteoarthritis of the knee

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Also Useful For… Addiction Stroke Rehabilitation Menstrual cramps Fibromyalgia

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Also Useful For.. Myofascial pain Commonly used for a variety of pain control Many other conditions

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Who Can Use Acupuncture? Safe therapy when practitioner is properly trained and uses disposable needles Always review a practitioner's credentials Should have master’s degree in Oriental Medicine and a license from state of practice

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Who Can Use Acupuncture Some physicians practice medical acupuncture Different style of acupuncture as described previously Must have completed training to perform acupuncture

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Acupressure Variation of acupuncture Nurses can safely use on patients when instructed Performed by applying finger pressure to stimulate an acupoint Releases constrained Qi similar to acupuncture

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Using Acupressure on Patients Must: Study meridians and indications for specific acupoints Offer an explanation to patient of acupressure and its benefits Get patient’s consent to receive acupressure

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Limitations of Acupressure Some points are difficult to stimulate with finger pressure Some points are very painful when pressed If point is sore, use a circular massaging motion with gentle pressure over the point

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Acupressure Points We will discuss three acupoints commonly used with acupressure Intended to be a starting point for further study Can be used on many conditions beyond those discussed here

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Acupoint Names All points have a Chinese and English name Chinese names are traditional names English name are taken from name of meridian and order on that meridian i.e., Large Intestine 4

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Hegu Called Large Intestine 4 in English Located between first and second metacarpal, at midpoint of second metacarpal

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Hegu Pressure is applied for 2-3 minutes Contraindicated for strong pressure during pregnancy

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Uses of Hegu All types of headaches Migraines Sinus headaches Tension headaches Dental pain Allergic rhinitis

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Neiguan Known as Pericardium 6 in English On medial forearm Two thumb widths from carpal crease Between tendons

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Neiguan Stimulate for 2-3 minutes Contraindicated during pregnancy

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Uses of Neiguan Postoperative nausea Chemotherapy-associated nausea Motion-sickness Most forms of nausea/vomiting Dysrhythmias, palpitations NOT to be used for morning sickness

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Taichong Liver 3 in English On top of foot Between first and second metatarsal At midpoint of first metatarsal

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Taichong Usually sensitive to pressure Apply pressure for 2-3 minutes Contraindicated during pregnancy

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Uses of Taichong Emotional instability Mood swings associated with menstrual cycles Irritability Frustration Stress

Mosby items and derived items © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. Putting It In Practice Use acupressure when appropriate Teach uses and limitations of TCM Stress the proper credentials for TCM practitioners Disclose all TCM herbs used to physician