Ancient Greece Historical and cultural background

Introduction „Craddle“ of western civilization Influenced: ◦ Architecture ◦ Art ◦ Science ◦ Culture

Architecture - Columns DorianIonianCorinthian -Capitol - Shaft - Base (bottom of the column)

Architecture - Temples They were built to worship Gods Early temples had massive pillars Later they appear more elegant

Architecture - Temples Parthenon

Architecture - Parthenon Dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena Its construction began in 447 BC and was completed in 438 BC The Parthenon is peak of Dorian order This is the most important and perfectly formed temple on the acropolis

Architecture – Nike temple

Nike means "victory" in Greek Great example of Ionic temple It is also part of the Acropolis in Athens

Architecture - Acropolis

Art - Sculptures Greeks emphasized the individual They excelled at portraying the human form There are 2 forms of Sculptures ◦ Kouros (young man) ◦ Kore (young woman)

Kouros Kore

Art - Sculptures They also portrayed Gods and Goddesses - Myrons Athena Praxiteles Hermes -

Art - Paintings Greeks painted murals Paintings survived only on vases (also called amphoras) They displayed everyday themes

Science Connected with: ◦ Mathematics ◦ Architecture ◦ Astronomy ◦ Medicine ◦ Technology

Culture Olympic games (emphasized individuals) Dramas and Theaters (only twice a year) Philosophers Literature Music

Music Comes from the Muses – Daughters of Zeus Very wide usage: ◦ Marriages ◦ Funerals ◦ Religious ceremonies ◦ Staged dramas

Musical instruments Stringed musical instruments: ◦ Lyre ◦ Kithara

Musical instruments Pipes: ◦ Aulos ◦ Pan pipes

Musical instruments Hydraulis – Water (driven) pipe (instrument) It converted the energy of water into air pressure

Musical modes Were changed through the ages They were often used in Church music Modern form has 7 modes: ◦ Ionian ◦ Dorian ◦ Phrygian ◦ Lydian ◦ Myxolydian ◦ Aeolian ◦ Locrian

Musical modes Dorian ◦ Minor type feeling ◦ Used in Folk and Jazz ◦ „Drunken Sailor“

Musical modes Myxolydian ◦ Major type feeling ◦ Used in Jazz, Blues, Pop music ◦ „Sweet child of mine“

Musical modes Lydian ◦ Major but mysterious type feeling ◦ Used in Jazz, Art rock ◦ „Flying in a blue dream“