Ballast Water and the Columbia River: Patterns and Reporting Compliance Christina Simkanin and Mark Sytsma Aquatic Bioinvasion Research and Policy Institute

Five Major Ports Receives ≈ 1,700 arrivals a year

51% from Domestic Ports Vessel Arrivals Statistics Discharge ≈ 6,300,000 m 3 a year Majority of arrivals are Bulk Carriers 49% from Foreign Ports 78% of discharge from Foreign Ports 22% of discharge from Domestic Ports

Arrivals from: 3 oceans, 6 continents, 366 ports, 66 countries Vessel Arrivals – last-port-of-call From Dr. Ian Davidson, ABRPI

Salinity of Ballast Water Source Port Figure from Noble et al., 2006

Unexchanged Ballast Water Discharge 91% of BW discharged is exchanged ≈ 567,000 m 3 of unexchanged water a year

From Sytsma et al., organisms introduced to the LCR since mid 1800’s Lower Columbia River Survey BW: 29 Invertebrates, 1 Aquatic Plant HF: 8 Invertebrates

Columbia River BW Regulations: Management and Reporting National Invasive Species Act: Mandates Voluntary National BW Program for Foreign arrivals

Columbia River BW Regulations: Management and Reporting National BW Program Established: Exchange and Reporting Required for Foreign Arrivals

Columbia River BW Regulations: Management and Reporting Washington Ballast Water Program: Mandatory Exchange and Reporting for Foreign and Domestic Vessels (exchange exemption South of 50˚N to CR)

Columbia River BW Regulations: Management and Reporting Oregon Ballast Water Program: Mandatory Exchange and Reporting for Foreign and Domestic Arrivals (exchange exemption between 40˚N - 50˚N)

Columbia River BW Regulations: Management and Reporting USCG Mandatory BW Program: Fines for non-compliance, reporting for Foreign and Domestic arrivals- Exchange for Foreign arrivals only

Reporting Requirements for CR Arrivals 24 hrs. advance of arrival USCG Regulations USCG reporting form: electronic/hardcopy National Ballast Information Clearinghouse (NBIC) 24 hrs. advance of arrival OR-WA Regulations USCG reporting form: hardcopy Merchants Exchange of Portland (PdxMex) Figure from Ruiz et al., 2001 Foreign ArrivalsDomestic/Coastal Arrivals

Ballast Water Management Reports Vessels submit BW Reports to the NBIC and PdxMex PdxMex reports are forwarded to State Agencies: WDFW and ODEQ. Data is entered and analyzed by WDFW and PSU NBIC receives, processes, and analyzes National Ballast Water data. Redundancy through duplication of effort between the Federal and State Programs

Reporting Pilot Project Aim: To demonstrate that through Federal and State collaboration it’s possible to increase the quantity and quality of ballast water data received, and reduce the duplication of effort thereby increasing efficiency. Utilize the already developed and standardized federal data management program (NBIC) Utilize a regional contact (PSU) to follow-up on missing or erroneous reports and inform vessels/agents on reporting requirements. Quantify the differences in compliance rates between the federal and state programs.

Columbia River Reporting Rates: BW Reports from PdxMex Data Collection Vessel arrivals database Agent Contact Record Keeping * Keep in mind that this data includes all of the ports on the Columbia River, does not include Barges, and all state data before 2005 was collected by the WDFW. Local/State Level Quality Control

Increasing the Quantity of Data Arrivals Submitting ReportsArrivals Not Submitting Reports Pilot Project Reporting Compliance/State Level

Increasing the Quality of Data Late/IncompleteNo Report Submitted Reporting Compliance/State Level Pilot Project

Effect of Local Follow-up with Agents Submitted Before Agent Contact Submitted After Agent Contact Not Submitted

Columbia River Reporting Rates: Federal Level Web interface: Electronic Reporting Hardcopy Reports: Faxed Daily Monitoring of Compliance: Currently vessels which do not report Federally are not contacted by the NBIC or PSU. Federal legislation requires that BW data is collected from ships, or their agents, reporting directly to the NBIC and not via an intermediary. Agents contacted for local follow-up are reminded of Federal reporting requirements.

Web-Based System for Viewing Electronic Submissions to the NBIC

NBIC sends PSU monthly data records of the reports received, which are downloaded into a PSU database Monthly Analysis of Compliance: Comparison of reports received by the State and the NBIC Data not contained in these data records i.e. vessels which reported to the state but not the NBIC (includes data gained through local follow-up) are manually entered by PSU staff. Reducing Duplication: Increasing Data Efficiency

Federal - State Comparison USCG Increases Penalties, Establishes coastal reporting Pilot Project Began Contacting Agents for Follow-up

Federal - State Comparison: Increased Data Quality through Local Follow-up Total Ballast Water Discharged (m 3 ) in the Columbia River Using Three Data Sources

Results Summary: Increased quantity and quality of reports/data Collaboration between the State and Federal programs can lead to: State level: Increased reporting compliance over time: Federal level: YES ? Increased data efficiency These results demonstrate the value of local/regional follow-up to BW data quality; and by decreasing the duplication of effort more time is available for analysis and dissemination of results.

Conclusion California in 2004, 97% of vessels reporting (Faulkner et al., 2005). The Columbia River now has one of the most complete ballast water databases in the world (95% of vessels reporting in 2005). Adds to the success of the other ballast water programs on the West Coast: Washington, Puget Sound and WA Coastal ports, in 2005, 88% of vessels reporting (WDFW, 2006).

For support and collaboration we thank: This project is funded by the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission. Assistance and cooperation has been granted by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, The Merchants Exchange of Portland, and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife.

For support and collaboration we thank: This project is funded by the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission. Assistance and cooperation has been granted by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, The Merchants Exchange of Portland, and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife.

Reducing Duplication: Increasing Data Efficiency Report Submitted Federal Compliance Reports Entered Manually into database