Lesson 1: Recognizing the Economic and Environmental Values of Fruit and Nut Production 1

2  Pomologist  Pomology  Subtropical tree

 Pomology deals with the production, harvesting, and marketing of fruit and nut crops having economic value. ◦ A person who is a fruit grower or fruit scientist is called a pomologist. 3

4 There are many types and varieties of fruits and nuts that grow in many climates. 4

 Afghanistan has areas fertile enough for growing fruits and nuts. ◦ The highest percentage of orchard area for fruit species are, in order, grape, apple, almond, pomegranate and apricot. 5

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7 ◦ Grapes are the major cultivated fruit species  Grapes are grown in more than 15 provinces which represents about 48% of the country.

◦ Apple is the most cultivated crop in Wardak 8

9 4 Oruzgan is popular for almonds

10 4 Pomegranates have many native varieties in Balkh, Nimruz and Kapisa

◦ Mulberries are mainly grown in Badghis 11

12 4 Subtropical trees are mainly grown in Nangarhar 4 Subtopical trees include fig, pomegranate, and most citrus that grow in areas of warm winters and relatively warmer summers.

4 Most fruit trees are grown along irrigation canals and in home backyards enclosed by walls so it is difficult to estimate the amount of land covered in orchards. 13

 Fruit and nut production in Afghanistan greatly contributes to the local and national economy. ◦ Agriculture accounts for 31% of the economy in Afghanistan.  80% of the labor force is involved with agriculture ◦ Many farmers bring their own product to market because they have access to transportation and are in a better position to negotiate with different traders and wholesalers. 14

4 Fruits and nuts are a major export of Afghanistan and are commonly shipped all over the Middle East and world. 4 The country's fruit and nut exports are at $113 million per year. 4 This could grow to more than $800 million per year in 10 years given the proper investment and training. 15

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 Preserving fruits and practicing good storage methods allows farmers to sell their crops outside of the growing season. 18

1. What is pomology and what does a pomologist do? 2. Where are the major fruit and nut producing areas of Afghanistan and what do they produce? 3. What effect does fruit and nut production have on the economy of Afghanistan? 19