Skeletal & Muscular Systems Form and Movement

Engage What is Osteoporosis????? Complete the osteoporosis questionnaire.

Engage Deboned What would happen if humans did not have bones? Your body would be limp like a rag doll. Could you stand up? Could you walk? Without bones in your body, you would be like the blob. As a class we will observe two bones that were soaked in two different solutions.

Deboned Similarities Differences

Explore The Calcium Test Students will test various types of materials to determine the presence or absence of calcium.

Explore Computer Lab http://www.medtropolis.com/VBody.asp You will visit the above website and answer questions while navigating through the narrated skeletal system section

Explain What are the 5 Main Functions of the Skeleton provide structure and support for body protect internal organs make blood cells store minerals attachment for muscles for movement

Skeletal Systems Exoskeleton Endoskeleton

Exoskeleton external skeleton Arthropods and Mollusks Arthropod’s skeleton is made of a material called chitin and must be shed to permit growth. Mollusk’s skeleton is made by the mantle from calcium carbonate.

Endoskeleton Internal skeleton Grows with the organism Made of cartilage or a combination of cartilage and bone. Ossification – replacing cartilage with bone around 7 months before birth Osteoclasts – break down bone Osteoblasts – form bone tissue Contains 2 parts : axial and appendicular areas.

Appendicular Skeleton Skull Sternum Ribs Vertebral column Metatarsals Metacarpals Phalanges Clavicle Scapula Humerus Radius Pelvis Ulna Carpals Femur Patella Fibula Tibia Tarsals Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton

Structure of Bone Spongy bone Compact bone Haversian canal Periosteum Bone marrow Haversian canal Osteocyte Artery Vein

Structure of Bones Solid network Living cells Protein fibers Deposits of Calcium Salts

Part of Bone 1. Marrow 2. Periosteum - Outer connective tissue – tough Yellow – fat cells Red – RBC, WBC, Platelets 2. Periosteum - Outer connective tissue – tough 3. Compact bone Haversian Canals Tubes carrying blood vessels and nerves 4. Spongy bone Less dense; inside compact bone; ends of long bones and middle of short, flat

Structure of Bone Spongy bone Compact bone Haversian canal Periosteum Bone marrow Haversian canal Osteocyte Artery Vein

Joints One bone attaches to another Three types Immovable (Skull) Slightly Movable Freely Moveable

Freely Moveable Joints Ball-and-Socket Joint Hinge Joint Pivot Joint Saddle Joint Clavicle Ball-and-socket joint Scapula Humerus Femur Patella Hinge joint Tibia Fibula Radius Pivot joint Ulna Metacarpals Carpals Saddle joint

Joint Structure Muscle Tendon Femur Patella Bursa Ligament Synovial fluid Cartilage Fat Fibula Tibia

Joint Structure Tendon – Muscle to Bone Ligament – Bone to Bone Synovial Fluid – lubricating film Bursa – small sac of synovial fluid Bursitis – inflammation of a bursa

Bone Diseases Osteoporosis Leukemia Vitamin D deficiency

Elaboration Best Bones Interest Project Questionnaire