Photogrammetry Cont.

Stereoscopic Parallax F The apparent displacement of the position of an object wrt a frame of reference due to a shift in the point of observation, try it. F The shift is along the line of movement. F The closer the object to the frame, the larger the shift for the same shift, so parallax is a function of height. F Parallax equations: H-h = BfBf P Parallax = p = x - x 1 What is (x) ? get the flying height or point elevation X = B p x Y = B p y get ground coordinates

Stereoscopic Viewing F The theory of stereoscopic viewing and parallactic angles F Conditions for viewing a stereo model

Stereoscopic Plotters F To compile maps, take cross sections, and DEM F Three main components: – Projection system – Viewing system – Tracing system F Major Types: – Optical, mechanical. – Analytical, and softcopy systems: mathematical model, require computers

Orthophotos F Orthographic projection of photographs. F Uniform scale, no relief displacement. F Serve as maps F Produced by “rectifying “ the photographs, now mainly through “digital image processing”. F Advantage of orthophotomaps

Orthophoto of Washington, DC

Ground Control for Photogrammetry F Each model requires three horizontal and four vertical control points. F Control points are chosen before (marked) or after (usually) and measured by ground surveying F Using “Aerial Triangulation” control can be intensified on the photos F GPS may eliminate the need for ground control.