Copyright © 2002 ProsoftTraining. All rights reserved. XML Document Design

Copyright © 2002 ProsoftTraining. All rights reserved. Lesson 1: Introduction to XML

Objectives Explain the basic concepts of markup languages List the goals of XML Describe the relationship between XML and HTML Name the organizations that govern and contribute to XML development Define XHTML Identify browsers that support XML

What Is XML? Extensible Markup Language Hypertext Markup Language Tags Tiger Woods

Markup Languages Markup WYSIWYG

SGML Roots STML and HTML –Meta-language HTML went astray HTML tried to recover its vision –Cascading Style Sheets SGML and XML –Extensible Stylesheet Language

XML Directives Design goals for XML XML implementation

XHTML, XML and HTML Extensible Hypertext Markup Language 1.0 –No tags

XML Development Organizations W3C Oasis BizTalk XML.org Arbortext Microsoft XML Web Services IBM XML Zone Apache XML Project

XML Parsers and Browsers Parsers –Validating –Non-validating Browsers –Mozilla –Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 –Opera –Netscape Navigator 7

XML Alone Is Insufficient No linking capability No formatting capabilities XML documents are abstract –EDI

Implementing XML XML schema Development tools

Benefits of XML One source Management of metadata Universal representation and meaning Management of content One to many Database publishing

Summary Explain the basic concepts of markup languages List the goals of XML Describe the relationship between XML and HTML Name the organizations that govern and contribute to XML development Define XHTML Identify browsers that support XML

Copyright © 2002 ProsoftTraining. All rights reserved. Lesson 2: Well-Formed XML Documents

Objectives Construct XML documents Explain the differences between tags and elements in XML Specify the five rules for creating a well- formed XML document Convert an HTML document into an XHTML file Create a well-formed XML document

What Is an XML Document? HTML: The lazy developer’s dream XML: The lazy developer’s nightmare

Tags and Elements in XML

Rules for Well-Formed XML Opening and closing tags New rules for empty tags Attribute values Nesting Matching case between tags Simple well-formed XML XHTML: Stepping stone to XML

Tag Nesting

Discerning Structure XML character strings –Character data White space The root (or document) element Tree structure of a well-formed document

Tree Structure

Working with Mixed Content Creating a well-formed XML document from text Adding comments to XML documents XML encoding

Balkanization of the Web Confusing assortment of tags resulting from numerous tagging schemes

Summary Construct XML documents Explain the differences between tags and elements in XML Specify the five rules for creating a well- formed XML document Convert an HTML document into an XHTML file Create a well-formed XML document

Copyright © 2002 ProsoftTraining. All rights reserved. Lesson 3: Creating a Valid XML Document

Objectives Define the DTD Define the DOM Identify DTD declarations Create a DTD Validate an XML document Create an XML file that conforms to a DTD Use DTD repositories

Beyond Well-Formedness: Valid XML Documents Valid conformance with a Document Type Definition –Rules that define the structure, syntax and vocabulary related to tags

Document Object Model Core Level 1 HTML Level 1

Document Type Definition The root element Element type declarations –#PCDATA –Child elements –Element content –Mixed content –Empty elements

Referencing DTD Definitions in XML DOCTYPE declaration Internal DTD External DTD

Declaring Attributes in a DTD Attribute-list declarations Commonly used attribute types Entities Parameter entities Notation declarations

Pre-Existing DTDs XML/DTD repositories

Summary Define the DTD Define the DOM Identify DTD declarations Create a DTD Validate an XML document Create an XML file that conforms to a DTD Use DTD repositories

Copyright © 2002 ProsoftTraining. All rights reserved. Lesson 4: XML Parsers

Objectives Explain the requirements for a parser Identify the differences between validating and non-validating parsers Use online parsers Use command-line parsers

Parsers Also known as processors Varying levels of conformance Object-based parsers Event-based parsers Validating parsers Non-validating parsers

Command-Line Parsing Verifies document compliance with well- formedness requirements and DTD

Summary Explain the requirements for a parser Identify the differences between validating and non-validating parsers Use online parsers Use command-line parsers

Copyright © 2002 ProsoftTraining. All rights reserved. Lesson 5: The XML Family of Technologies

Objectives Define XML namespaces and usage Explain the XPath recommendation Explain the XLink recommendation Explain the XPointer recommendation Describe the XForms and XML Query proposals

The XML Family Namespaces in XML XLink XPath XPointer

Namespaces in XML Namespace components Explicit and implicit namespace declaration Multiple namespaces Inline namespace declaration Namespace scope/inheritance Namespaces and DTDs Namespace attributes

XPath XML Path Language XPath nodes –Document –Root –Element –Attribute –Text –Processing instruction –Namespace –Comment

XPath Expressions Operand Location paths –Context node Function calls –Predicate

XLink XML Linking Language –Simple links –Extended links –Locators –Arcs –Resources –Titles Link behavior

XPointer Fragment identifier Tracing a path Shorthand notation Shorthand syntax Formal XPointer syntax Range or portion selection

XForms and XML Query XForms –New generation of forms introducing business logic, calculations, and form processing XML Query –Based pm XML Infoset

Summary Define XML namespaces and usage Explain the XPath recommendation Explain the XLink recommendation Explain the XPointer recommendation Describe the XForms and XML Query proposals

Copyright © 2002 ProsoftTraining. All rights reserved. Lesson 6: XSL Transformation

Objectives Describe the relationship between XSL and XSLT Use XSLT templates and patterns Convert XML to a new XML output document Reorganize XML data to an output file Convert XML to HTML Compile remote data sources into an XML output file

XSL, XSLT and Style Sheets Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation Formatting objects (flow objects) Transformation languages XSLT processing XSLT namespace

XSLT Document Structure Style sheet element and namespace Templates apply-templates select

Transforming Data: XML to XML Scenario Models Solution Element transformation

Saxon XSLT Processor Running Saxon Processing XSLT using Saxon Converting XML data structure using XSLT

Transforming Data: XML to HTML Advanced matching and selecting Top-level elements Instruction elements Comments

Multiple Document Sources The document () function

Summary Describe the relationship between XSL and XSLT Use XSLT templates and patterns Convert XML to a new XML output document Reorganize XML data to an output file Convert XML to HTML Compile remote data sources into an XML output file

Copyright © 2002 ProsoftTraining. All rights reserved. Lesson 7: XML Formatting

Objectives Define XML formatting requirements Apply CSS to XML Use XSL flow objects and patterns Apply XSL to XML Convert XSL into PDF

XML Styling Cascading Style Sheets Extensible Stylesheet Language –Language for transforming XML documents –Vocabulary for specifying formatting semantics

XML and CSS The absence of predefined formatting eliminates conflicts between inherent element properties and style properties in XML

CSS Syntax Selectors CSS1 XML and CSS tools

XML and XSL Areas Indents

Formatting Objects Types –Those that generate block and inline areas –Those that return areas but do not generate them –Those that are used to generate layout areas

XSL Page Layout fo:layout-master-set fo:simple-page-master fo:region fo:page-sequence-master and fo:page-sequence fo:page-sequence-master sub elements Content flow objects

Page Layout (cont’d) fo:block fo:list-block fo:table

XML, XSL and Formatting Objects Transforming an XML document Processing an XSL style sheet

Converting XSL Flow Objects to PDF Portable Document Format Formatting Object Processor

Summary Define XML formatting requirements Apply CSS to XML Use XSL flow objects and patterns Apply XSL to XML Convert XSL into PDF

Copyright © 2002 ProsoftTraining. All rights reserved. Lesson 8: XML Schemas

Objectives Explain the purpose of schemas Explain data types and facets Define attributes and references Define simple and complex elements Create an XML schema

Schemas XML Schema

Components Schema component categories –Definition components –Declaration components –Model group components –Annotation component

Data Types Built-in data types User-defined data types

Schema Element The targetNamespace attribute The elementFormDefault attribute Document instance schema reference Undeclared target namespaces Annotation Element declarations Element references

ComplexType vs. SimpleType ComplexType –Elements that contain sub-elements or carry attributes SimpleType –Elements that contain numbers but do not contain sub-elements or attributes

Attributes The content attribute User-defined attributes

Facets Fourteen facets defined by XML Schema

Grouping Element

Summary Explain the purpose of schemas Explain data types and facets Define attributes and references Define simple and complex elements Create an XML schema

Copyright © 2002 ProsoftTraining. All rights reserved. Lesson 9: Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)

Objectives Identify the reasons for XHTML's development Identify key features of XHTML documents Create XHTML documents

HTML vs. XML Clients Browser forgiveness What does HTML forgive? –Case-sensitivity –Nesting –Closing elements –Attributes What does XML not forgive?

XHTML Definition Variations XHTML document declarations –Document type declaration

XHTML Conformance Requirements Correct case Root element Empty elements Nesting Fragment identifiers

XHTML 1.1 and Modules XHTML 1.1 versus XHTML (Second Edition) W3C-approved modules for XHTML 1.1 W3C-approved sub-elements for XHTML 1.1 XHTML 2.0 (2003)

Summary Identify the reasons for XHTML's development Identify key features of XHTML documents Create XHTML documents

Copyright © 2002 ProsoftTraining. All rights reserved. Lesson 10: XML Tools

Objectives Use XML tools to clean existing documents Use a DTD editor Use an editor to create XSL and schemas Import database information for XML conversion Use graphical editors to create XML documents Convert XML to various outputs Define SOAP and BizTalk

XML Tools Simple tools  XML Notepad Complete tools  Arbortext Epic, XML Spy

Tool Types Command-line tools Visual tools Graphical tools

HTML to Well-Formed XML Cleaning an HTML document with TidyGUI

Creating a DTD Creating an XML DTD with SML Spy

Creating a Schema Creating an XML schema with XML Spy

Importing Database Information Importing database data Editing XML code with Epic Editor Styles Creating XSL style sheets One-to-many output Creating multiple output files from XML

XML Project Management Guidelines Development –Design the required DTD –Develop style sheets –Store in a repository Staffing –Project managers –Application developers –Format/layout designers –Content authors

XML-Driven Technologies Simple Object Access Protocol BizTalk

Summary Use XML tools to clean existing documents Use a DTD editor Use an editor to create XSL and schemas Import database information for XML conversion Use graphical editors to create XML documents Convert XML to various outputs Define SOAP and BizTalk

XML Document Design Introduction to XML Well-Formed XML Documents Creating a Valid XML Document XML Parsers The XML Family of Technologies

XML Document Design XSL Transformation XML Formatting XML Schemas Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) XML Tools