Other Organic Compounds: Functional Groups & Polymers

I.Functional Groups A.Functional group: An atom or group of atoms attached to mainly hydrocarbons 1.Responsible for the specific properties of an organic compound 2.Types of functional groups – see chart provided in class

B.Type of Organic Reactions 1.Substitution Reactions - one or more atoms replace another atom or group of atoms in a molecule methane chlorine chloromethane hydrogen chloride

2.Addition Reactions - an atom or molecule is added to an unsaturated molecule and increases the saturation of the molecule

II.Polymers A.Polymers - large chainlike molecules made from many small molecules called monomers 1.Simplest polymer – polyethylene 2.Polyethylene results from addition polymerization.

B.Condensation Polymerization - two molecules (monomers) or parts of the same molecule combine 1.Addition of more monomers creates polymer chains 2.A small molecule (often water) is released for each addition of a monomer to the polymer chain Nylon

Condensation of amino acids in protein formation A polymer of amino acids (many condensed into a long chain) is referred to as a polypeptide