OSHA/AIRLINES INDUSTRY Ergonomic Alliance National Safety Congress Session #34 September 13, 2004 New Orleans, LA 1:30 - 3:00

Presenters Ray McCleary Ray McCleary US Airways Cheryl Beasley Cheryl Beasley Air Tran Airways Linda Christopherson Linda Christopherson America West Lee Anne Jillings Lee Anne JillingsOSHA Penny Prince Penny Prince American Airlines

The History of Ergonomics In Aviation

Baggage Handling Process 50 years ago

Carts and tugs Carts and tugs Beltloaders Beltloaders Conveyor Systems Conveyor Systems

Baggage Handling Process Today

Carts and tugs Carts and tugs Beltloaders Beltloaders Conveyor systems Conveyor systems

Human Transfer points From Ticket counter to conveyor From Ticket counter to conveyor From Conveyor to Bag cart From Conveyor to Bag cart From cart to Beltloader From cart to Beltloader From beltloader to aircraft bin From beltloader to aircraft bin And reverse (Exception- ticket counter) And reverse (Exception- ticket counter)

BLS 2002 Injury Rates per 100 full time employees, by Industry

Historical Perspective Flight Safety is every airline’s highest priority Flight Safety is every airline’s highest priority Ground Employee Safety not as recognized Ground Employee Safety not as recognized FAA compliance FAA compliance Role of OSHA Role of OSHA

OSHA/Airline Industry Alliance Aviation Ergonomics - Present Cheryl Beasley AirTran Airways

Today’s Challenges 9/11 9/11 TSA TSA Low Cost Carriers Low Cost Carriers Aging Work Force Aging Work Force Luggage Manufacturers Luggage Manufacturers

Impact on Airlines Bankruptcy Bankruptcy Injury Increases Injury Increases

Possible Solutions Alliance Alliance

OSHA/Airline Industry Alliance OSHA’s Perspective Lee Anne Jillings OSHA

OSHA’s Mission Assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the nation safe and healthful working conditions. People at Work

The Alliance Program Open to all groups Open to all groups National, Regional, Area Office State Plan States Alliances National, Regional, Area Office State Plan States Alliances Benefits of Participating Benefits of Participating Build a cooperative and trusting relationship with OSHA Build a cooperative and trusting relationship with OSHA Network with other organizations committed to workplace safety and health Network with other organizations committed to workplace safety and health Leverage resources to maximize worker protection Leverage resources to maximize worker protection Gain recognition as proactive leaders in safety and health. Gain recognition as proactive leaders in safety and health.

Alliance Program Goals OSHA and the participating organizations must define, implement, and meet a set of short- and long-term goals that fall into three categories: Training and education Training and education Outreach and communication Outreach and communication Promoting the national dialogue on workplace safety and health Promoting the national dialogue on workplace safety and health

Who’s Entering Alliances? General Industry  Industrial Truck Association  Society of the Plastics Industry  American Apparel and Footwear Association  American Foundry Society  Coordinating Committee for Automotive Repair  National Wooden Pallet & Container Association  Independent Lubricant Manufacturers Association  Graphic Arts Coalition Construction  Construction Management Association of America  National Association of Home Builders  Construction Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers  National Electrical Contractors Association  Sealant Waterproofing Restoration Institute  Washington Group Int’l Professional Societies Association of Occupational Health Professionals Board of Certified Safety Professionals National Hearing Conservation Association Society for Chemical Hazard Communication American Industrial Hygienists Association American Society of Safety Engineers Maritime Shipbuilders Council of America US Coast Guard Marine Safety Office American Shipbuilding Association National Shipbuilding Research Program Academia  Ctr. For Business and Public Policy, McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University  Mt. Sinai School of Medicine Government Agencies  US EPA (The Reactives Alliance)  NIOSH (The Roadway Work Zone Safety & Health Coalition; National Wooden Pallet & Container Association)  Internal Revenue Service  State Consultation Projects Faith-based and Community Organizations  Community Action for Social Affairs  NY State Alliance Boys and Girls Clubs  Center for Job Readiness Labor Unions  The Roadway Work Zone Safety and Health Coalition (International Union of Operating Engineers, Laborers’ International Union of North America)  International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers And many others…  National Federation of Independent Business  IWLA, the Association for Logistics Outsourcing  Airline Alliance

Airlines Alliance Major Milestones November 12, Alliance Signed November 12, Alliance Signed December 18, Kick-off Meeting December 18, Kick-off Meeting June 4, VPP Presentation June 4, VPP Presentation September 10, NSC Presentation September 10, NSC Presentation October Group Performance Appraisal October Group Performance Appraisal March 23, Implementation Team Meeting March 23, Implementation Team Meeting April 21, Alliance Renewal Signed April 21, Alliance Renewal Signed July 29, Implementation Team Meeting July 29, Implementation Team Meeting September 14, NSC Presentation September 14, NSC Presentation

Goals of the Alliance Renewal Continue the development of an industry training manual Continue the development of an industry training manual Develop an industry Awareness/Education Program for passengers Develop an industry Awareness/Education Program for passengers Define the process for interested parties to participate with and obtain information about the Alliance Define the process for interested parties to participate with and obtain information about the Alliance Periodically review and update OSHA’s Baggage Handling eTool and the Airline Industry Safety & Health Topics page Periodically review and update OSHA’s Baggage Handling eTool and the Airline Industry Safety & Health Topics page Address ergonomic issues related to airport design Address ergonomic issues related to airport design Educate interested parties on and solicit ideas for addressing ergonomic issues associated with handling checked baggage Educate interested parties on and solicit ideas for addressing ergonomic issues associated with handling checked baggage

Airlines Alliance Ongoing Vision Reaffirm membership Reaffirm membership Communicate with and educate interested parties Communicate with and educate interested parties Continually re-evaluate and prioritize Continually re-evaluate and prioritize Identify additional safety and health issues to address in the airlines industry Identify additional safety and health issues to address in the airlines industry Expand awareness of the Alliance world- wide Expand awareness of the Alliance world- wide Continuous improvement Continuous improvement

Looking Ahead: The Future of the Alliance Program The Alliance Program Continues to Grow Building positive relationships among industry, OSHA and government agencies Building positive relationships among industry, OSHA and government agencies Developing, facilitating and expanding distribution of compliance assistance resources Developing, facilitating and expanding distribution of compliance assistance resources Increasing exposure, communication and outreach through print and electronic media; speeches and presentations Increasing exposure, communication and outreach through print and electronic media; speeches and presentations

OSHA/Airline Industry Alliance Baggage Handling Training Manual eTool Penny Prince American Airlines

Baggage Handling Training Injury Prevention Injury Prevention Contributing Risk Factors for MSDs Contributing Risk Factors for MSDs Safe Work Practices Safe Work Practices Principles of Body Mechanics Principles of Body Mechanics Stretches and Exercise Stretches and Exercise The Baggage Handling Process The Baggage Handling Process Proper Body Mechanics (task specific) Proper Body Mechanics (task specific) Personal Interventions Personal Interventions Use of Equipment Use of Equipment

Functions to Be Analyzed Planeside Loading and Unloading (2003) Planeside Loading and Unloading (2003) Ticket Counter (2004) Ticket Counter (2004) Baggage Make-Up / T-point ( ) Baggage Make-Up / T-point ( ) Other Areas to be Addressed Other Areas to be Addressed Skycap Skycap Gate Check-In Gate Check-In Baggage Claim Baggage Claim Aircraft Cargo Compartments Aircraft Cargo Compartments

Ticket Counter Section Inputting Information into the Computer Inputting Information into the Computer Using the Keyboard, Using the Mouse, Viewing the Monitor, Using the Phone Using the Keyboard, Using the Mouse, Viewing the Monitor, Using the Phone Passenger Interaction Passenger Interaction Reaching over the Counter, Tagging the Bag, Standing, Sitting Reaching over the Counter, Tagging the Bag, Standing, Sitting Baggage Handling Baggage Handling Handling bags, Clearing Jams, Feeder Belt Controls, Foot Pedal Controls Handling bags, Clearing Jams, Feeder Belt Controls, Foot Pedal Controls

Using the Phone Hazard Hazard Awkward Posture Fatigue Solution Solution Do not cradle phone Stretches for shoulder, neck, back Use phone cradle, if available

Tagging the Bag Hazard Hazard Bending Bending Reaching Reaching Solution Solution Tag bags on scale Tag bags on scale Get as close to bag as possible Get as close to bag as possible Advance bag closer on belt, if available Advance bag closer on belt, if available

Baggage Handling Hazard Hazard Lifting Pushing & Pulling Solution Solution Use proper body mechanics & stretches Ask for assistance Use automated bag belts, if available

Benefits of BHT Manual Cost effective and consistent training materials Cost effective and consistent training materials Most applicable to essential job functions Most applicable to essential job functions Addresses the job tasks that tend to have highest incidence of injuries Addresses the job tasks that tend to have highest incidence of injuries Most usable format for each airline Most usable format for each airline Consistent language Consistent language

eTool Overview Terminology specific to Airline Industry Terminology specific to Airline Industry Format follows the process flow of airport Format follows the process flow of airport Ticket Counter Ticket Counter Make-Up Room Make-Up Room Ramp Area Ramp Area Hazards are listed by level of automation and type of equipment utilized Hazards are listed by level of automation and type of equipment utilized Solutions are listed according to feasibility of implementation Solutions are listed according to feasibility of implementation

eTool Status Ramp Section published in July 2003 Ramp Section published in July 2003 Ticket Counter and Make-Up Room Sections published in September 2003 Ticket Counter and Make-Up Room Sections published in September 2003 E-Tool annually reviewed and updated per OSHA process / Alliance objective E-Tool annually reviewed and updated per OSHA process / Alliance objective

Benefits of eTool Sharing of ergonomics best practices among airlines Sharing of ergonomics best practices among airlines Better understanding of different processes within each company Better understanding of different processes within each company Better understanding of OSHA’s approach Better understanding of OSHA’s approach Documented solutions to support and validate projects within each company Documented solutions to support and validate projects within each company

OSHA/Airline Industry Alliance Airline Approach – 2004 Initiatives Linda Christopherson America West Airlines

Airline Approach Improve National Dialogue with airport facilities and other travel providers regarding leased work environments Improve National Dialogue with airport facilities and other travel providers regarding leased work environments Improve traveling public’s understanding of the travel industry employees challenges to remain injury free Improve traveling public’s understanding of the travel industry employees challenges to remain injury free Expand Awareness of the Alliance in the worldwide community Expand Awareness of the Alliance in the worldwide community

National Dialogue Improving Awareness The Problem: Airports and the installed equipment pose ergonomic hazards The Problem: Airports and the installed equipment pose ergonomic hazards Height of conveyor belts – too hi or too low Height of conveyor belts – too hi or too low Ticker counters Ticker counters Baggage make-up room Baggage make-up room Height of bag wells at ticket counters Height of bag wells at ticket counters Ticket counters – non-adjustable work surface for differing heights of employees Ticket counters – non-adjustable work surface for differing heights of employees Shared potential for multi-employer compliance activities (i.e. Controlling/Exposed Employers) Shared potential for multi-employer compliance activities (i.e. Controlling/Exposed Employers)

Ticket Counter/Lobby Area TSA Bomb Screening TSA ‘8 foot rule’ means excessive bags in one well, excessive agent handling

Ticket Counter/Lobby Area

Bagrooms Carousel too low Improved bollard placement and height

National Dialogue Improving Awareness Airport Authorities often control every aspect of facility design and changes, driven by current security issues. Airport Authorities often control every aspect of facility design and changes, driven by current security issues. electrical outlet configuration/repairs electrical outlet configuration/repairs availability of GFCI protection availability of GFCI protection may require the Authority’s specifically identified electrical contractor or their internal electrician. may require the Authority’s specifically identified electrical contractor or their internal electrician. Older airport’s conveyor systems do not accommodate easy access, lockout tagout etc. Older airport’s conveyor systems do not accommodate easy access, lockout tagout etc. Sometimes there is considerable red tape to muddle through in order to resolve. Sometimes there is considerable red tape to muddle through in order to resolve.

National Dialogue Improving Awareness The Solution: Engage the Airport Executives in the understanding of design issues and the role they play for safety The Solution: Engage the Airport Executives in the understanding of design issues and the role they play for safety Promote increased consideration of ergonomic issues related to the airport environments in which aviation employees work. Promote increased consideration of ergonomic issues related to the airport environments in which aviation employees work. Offered a presentation to the “American Association of Airport Executives” (AAAE) annual convention. Offered a presentation to the “American Association of Airport Executives” (AAAE) annual convention. Information well received. Has created opportunity for further dialogue at their Washington DC headquarters. Information well received. Has created opportunity for further dialogue at their Washington DC headquarters.

Airport Facility and Outreach Airport Authorities – AAAE talk Airport Authorities – AAAE talk Internal: communication interface Internal: communication interface Airline’s P&F and S&H staff Airline’s P&F and S&H staff External: Airport Authority-Airline P&F-Regulators External: Airport Authority-Airline P&F-Regulators Improve design of the leased airport work environments to facilitate reducing user injuries Improve design of the leased airport work environments to facilitate reducing user injuries THE REAL WORLD – construction costs, back and shoulder injuries, potential for “multi-employer” regulatory activity THE REAL WORLD – construction costs, back and shoulder injuries, potential for “multi-employer” regulatory activity

Passenger Awareness Two smaller-lighter bags, better than one heavy bag Two smaller-lighter bags, better than one heavy bag 2 HVY LFTLFT

Passenger Awareness The back injury you prevent may be yours! Think: Your back Your back Taxi/shuttle drivers Taxi/shuttle drivers Skycaps Skycaps Bell hops Bell hops Airline ticket Airline ticket counter/ramp employees counter/ramp employees

Outreach HSE Partnership HSE Partnership British Luggage and Leathergoods Association - Tips for Travelers British Luggage and Leathergoods Association - Tips for Travelers

Where do we go from here…. “Travel Ribbon” starts at HOME and “Travel Ribbon” starts at HOME and And ends at HOME