8 th grade

 In your IBook, create a Frayer diagram!  As we go through the Power Point, take notes.

 Verbals are words that look like verbs, but are used as another part of speech.  For example, would this make sense?  Greg sleeping late.  Sleeping is how Greg spends his free time.

 There are three kinds of verbals: 1. Infinitives, 2. Participles, 3. and Gerunds.

SN V Inf  Brent decided to eat five pizzas. SN V Inf  Nick needed to be in Texas by morning.  Notice anything?  Both of the infinitives start with “to.”  The “to” is paired with a word that could be used as a verb. That’s why it is a verbal!

 How to remember this…  Think of Buzz Lightyear!  Famous phrase…”to infinity and beyond….”  To starts an infinitive!

 Infinitives can be used as three different parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.  As a noun, an infinitive can be used as a subject, direct object, object of preposition, or appositive.

SubjectTo whistle is difficult for some. Direct ObjectShe hopes to write after school. Predicate Nominative His dream is to travel. Object of Preposition They had no choice except to leave. AppositiveHer decision, to listen, was a wise one. Examples of Infinitives Phrases:

 Gerunds end in ing.  Gerunds are used as nouns.  Gerunds can be used as just like any noun can as subjects, direct objects, predicate nominatives, and objects of prepositions.

 Remodeling is a way to make something look brand new.  Michael enjoys drawing.  His favorite sport is fishing.  Lucy does not get tired of singing.

 Remodeling is a way to make something look brand new.  Michael enjoys drawing.  His favorite sport is fishing.  Lucy does not get tired of singing.

 A gerund phrase is a gerund with a modifier or a complement, acting together as a noun.

Gerunds with Adjectives: The loud, shrilling howling continued all night. Gerund with Direct Object: Using trees as lumber is an important part of Mexico’s economy. Gerund with Prepositional Phrase: He helped police by telling about his experience. Gerund with Adverb and Prepositional Phrase: Tribe members astound spectators by dancing skillfully on stage.

 A participle looks like a verb but is actually an adjective. It is used to modify (describe) something.  There are two kinds of participles: 1. Present participles- end in ing 2. Past participles- usually end in ed, but be careful of those irregular endings

Present Participles  A growing baby sleeps much of the day.  Many people live in farming communities. Past Participles  The conquered territory was under Spanish control.  Troubled, she asked for advice.

 Now, be careful! Participles can be tricky!  Sometimes participles are confused as verb phrases.  Ex. The answer troubled the officer.  Just remember participles are used as adjectives, not actual verbs!

 A participle phrase is a group of words starting with a participle that acts as an adjective.  Examples:  Chewing rapidly, the diner called for a waiter.  Who/what chewing rapidly?  Eating his lunch, the waiter did not respond.  Who/what eating his lunch?

 The appositive is a modifier. It offers more information about something.  For example,  Greg, the boy in the green shirt, is a fast runner.  My uncle, Bob, works in New York.

Verbals Verbals look like verbs, but are used as other parts of speech can be part of a verbal phrase 3 types of verbals Infinitives: used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs always include the word “to” ex. John wanted to eat. Participles: 2 kinds- present & past used as adjectives Present- ends in ing Past- end in ed ex. The running water was fast. Dried leaves are there. Gerunds: Like participles, gerunds end in ing Used as a noun Ex. Running is fun! We went swimming yesterday.

 With Learning Partner, use George vs. George to find one example of each of these types of verbals.  Write them in the appropriate box on the Frayer. Include the page number in order to reference your text.

 Starting on page 301 in Prentice Hall Writing & Grammar Handbook:  Exercises- 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, & 18  Numbers 1& 2 on each exercise  You will mostly be writing only the answers. However, on two exercises you will need to write sentences.