doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 1 Wireless network operation in the TV Bands Update Barry O’Mahony IEEE 802 wireless interim meeting Portland, OR July 2004 Contributions from John Notor, Cadence Design Systems

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 2 Where we left off in May 14 May 2004 FCC Announces Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM) on unlicensed operation in the TV bands Two categories of unlicensed devices proposed –Lower-power “personal/portable” devices e.g.; “Wi-Fi like cards in laptop computers” –Higher-power “fixed/access” devices Used to provide “a commercial service such as wireless broadband internet access”

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 3 Current Status Text of Proposed Rules changes published in Federal Register June 18 New section of Part 15 proposed (15.244) –Unlicensed operation proposed in channels not locally used by licensed TV stations –Proposed rules intended to obviate interference to unlicensed devices Comments due September 1 Reply Comments due October 1

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 4 TV Broadcast Protected Service Areas Type of station Protected contour Channel Contour (dBu) Analog TV Low VHF (2-6)47 High VHF (7-13)56 UHF (14-69)64 Analog Class A, LPTV, translator and booster Low VHF (2-6)62 High VHF (7-13)68 UHF (14-69)74 Digital TV Low VHF (2-6)28 High VHF (7-13)36 UHF (14-51)41 Digital Class A Low VHF (2-6)43 High VHF (7-13)48 UHF (14-51)51 Field strengths predicted using F(50,50) [analog] and F(50,90) [digital] curves from Part The viewer’s antenna is assumed to be 30 ft. above ground level when receiving the TV signal TV channels shall be protected from interference from unlicensed transmitters within the area where the predicted field strength of the TV signal exceeds the following values

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 5 Example Propagation curves Estimated field strength exceeded at 50% of the potential receiver locations for at least 50% of the time at a received antenna height of 9m

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 6 Personal / Portable Devices 100 mW transmitter power max., –for antenna gain up to 6 dBi Permanently attached integral antenna Devices required to “automatically and periodically” transmit a unique identification signal –Aids in resolving potential interference with licensed users

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 7 Personal / Portable Devices [2] Operation only permitted if receiving a control signal listing permitted (vacant) channels –Positively identifies channels available for use –Specified channels must not be used by licensed users anwhere within the reception range of the control signal –Transmitted by: TV broadcasters (DTV datastream or analog VBI) FM broadcaster (subcarrier signal) Licensed wireless provider Fixed/access Part unlicensed device –Broadcaster participation voluntary Commercial arrangements envisioned

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 8 Personal / Portable Devices [3] Control signal will indicate a channel as “vacant” only if the following TV-signal-level-to-unlicensed-device ratios can be met These ratios shall be met anywhere within the service area of the station transmitting control signal –Unlicensed operation not permitted with service area of TV channel in question –Assumed unlicensed antenna height of 2 meters Type of station Protection ratios Channel separationD/U* ratio (dB) Assumed propagation curve for unlicensed xmitter Analog TV, Class A, LPTVCo-channel34F(50,10) Digital TV and Digital Class A Co-channel23F(50,10) *D/U – Desired/Undesired ratio (TV station / unlicensed Xmitter)

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 9 Fixed / access devices 1 Watt transmitter power, –for antenna gain up to 6 dBi Also required to transmit a unique ID signal Two alternative methods proposed –incorporate GPS or other geolocation method 10 m accuracy required Access database of licensed users Computational software to compute vacant channels –Or, require professional installation

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 10 Fixed / access devices [2] Operation permitted on channels where the following TV- signal-level-to-unlicensed-device ratios can be met –Unlicensed operation not permitted with service area of TV co-channel –Assumed unlicensed antenna height of 10 meters For adjacent channel operation within service contour of TV station, desired signal level calculation based on F(90,90) curves for extra margin Type of station Protection ratios Channel separationD/U* ratio (dB) Assumed propagation curve for unlicensed xmitter Analog TV, Class A, LPTV, translator and booster Co-channel34F(50,10) Upper adjacent-17F(50,50) Lower adjacent-14F(50,50) Digital TV and Class A Co-channel23F(50,10) Upper adjacent-26F(50,50) Lower adjacent-28F(50,50) *D/U – Desired/Undesired ratio (TV station / unlicensed Xmitter)

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 11 Other Reductions in TX power limits (100 mW and 1W, respectively) for antenna gains over 6 dBi Possible channels –VHF Ch 5-6 (76-88 MHz), 7-13 ( MHz) –UHF Ch ( MHz) Channel 37 ( MHz) excluded Ch ( MHz) excluded in 13 metro areas where used for land mobile and public safety

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 12 Other Field strengths <10m from unlicensed device ignored Calculation of field strengths for distances less than 1.5 km based on free space propagation Calculation of “undesired” field strengths for distances between 1.5 km and 15 km use the F(50,50) charts because the F(50,10) charts are valid only for distances of 15 kilometers or greater Fixed device operation restricted in border areas In any 100 kHz bandwidth outside the operating frequency band, power shall be at >20 dB below that in the 100 kHz bandwidth within the band that contains the highest level of desired power Outside of intended channel, normal Part 15 emissions limits apply

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 13 Other No provisions made to protect Part 74 wireless microphones –Short-range, FM modulation is relatively immune from interference No provisions for “stand-alone” cognitive operation –No Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) operation or thresholds –No Incumbent Profile Detection (IPD) techniques. –No requirement for Transmit Power Control (TPC) –However, FCC elicits comments on whether this should be added

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 14 Summary NPRM proposes operation of low-power portable transmitters, and higher-power fixed devices These are unlicensed devices which co-exist with TV broadcasters on a non-interfering basis Vacant channels identified to unlicensed devices by broadcast control signals, geolocation, and/or professional installation

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 15 Backup

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 16 History FCC 12/2002 released Notice Of Inquiry (NOI) concerning “Additional Spectrum for Unlicensed Devices Below 900 MHz and in the 3 GHz Band” –“below 900 MHz spectrum” in question focused on spectrum where TV broadcasters are primary users. VHF-L ch. 2-6 (54-72, MHz); VHF-H ch ( MHz); UHF ch ( MHz) Not channels  52; this spectrum is being re-allocated to non-TV use –Discussed potential of Part 15 modifications that would allow unlicensed devices to use spectrum in locations where it would not cause interference to licensed operations, via cognitive technologies –Intel submitted Comments [refs. 4, 6] and Reply Comments [ref. 5] in support Authors Waltho, Schiffer, Chartier, Pitsch

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 17 TV Band incumbents Part 73 – Primary Users –Full Service TV Serve ~210 DMA’s –Class A Low Power Primary Users Part 74 – Secondary Users –Low-Power TV LPTV stations – low power “opportunistic” users Translators & Boosters –TV broadcast auxiliary stations – UHF –Professional wireless microphones Other –Parts 90 & 20 Mobile Radio Service One or two TV channels in 13 DMA’s in Ch range (3 in LAX) –Part 15 remote controls, >70 MHz “Legacy” medical telemetry transmitters, Channels 7-46 –Channel 37 reserved for Radio Astronomy

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 18 TV Broadcast Stations TypeFull Service LPTV / Translators / BoostersClass A Spectrum Usage PrimarySecondaryPrimary Year enacted Analog 1941 Digital Maximum Radiated Power Analog 316KW – VHF 5MW – UHF Digital 45KW- VHF-L 160KW- VHF-H 1MW - UHF Analog 3KW – VHF 150KW - UHF Digital 300W – VHF 15KW - UHF Analog 3KW – VHF 150KW - UHF Digital 300W – VHF 15KW - UHF Range (miles) # (approx.) NTSC1200-DTV2,200 – LPTV 4,700 - Translators 600

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 19 TV Broadcast Coverage Predicted service contours –Analog – Grade B Acceptable Picture Quality –“Slightly annoying” on ITU-R subjective scale –Digital – Service Contour Threshold of Visibility (ToV) –Segment Error Rate (SEV) 1.9  –15 dB SNR –Within these contours, coverage predicted using Longley-Rice propagation model –Stations protected within coverage area Interference protection - from other transmitters* Copyright protection - SHVIA *Class A stations protected at Grade A signal level

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 20 Broadcast TV Landscape These separation criteria lead to significant white space in most locations Sample Portland, OR UHF TV Spectrum (as of Jan. ’01)

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 21 Incumbent TV signals Analog (NTSC) Visual Carrier 1.25 MHz from band edge Aural Carrier 4.5 MHz from visual carrier Chroma subcarrier ~3.58 MHz from visual carrier (precisely  H scan rate) Digital (ATSC) 8-level Vestigial SideBand (8VSB) modulation Pilot signal 11.3 dB below full-band power –310 KHz from band edge; –or ~ 332 KHz (precisely 323  H scan rate above lower visual carrier) when co-located with lower-adjacent analog channel

doc.: IEEE /0803 Submission July 12-16, 2004 Barry (Intel) Slide 22 References 1)CFR Title 47, Parts 20, 27, 73, 74, 90 2)FCC OET Bulletin No. 69, Longley-Rice Methodology for Evaluating TV Coverage and Interference, oet69/oet69.pdf oet69/oet69.pdf 3)FCC Notice Of Inquiry, Additional Spectrum for Unlicensed Devices Below 900 Mhz and in the 3 GHz Band, ET Docket No , ent= ent= ) Comments of Intel Corporation, ent= ent= ) Reply Comment of Intel Corporation, ent= ent= ) Comments of Intel Corporation,