CHAPTER 2, SECTION 1 OUR POLITICAL BEGINNINGS

MORNING WORK Name some basic human rights and freedoms. Where did you learn about them? Who taught you?

FOUNDATION TO BUILD ON The English had examples, too…….. The Romans had a code of laws-43 BCE- 410 CE King Hammurabi of Babylonia- Hammurabi’s Code BCE Hammurabi’s Code

3 BASIC CONCEPTS OF GOVERNMENT 1. Ordered Government English colonists established governments with: Sheriff Coroner Assessor Justice of the peace Grand jury Counties Townships All with roots in England!

3 BASIC CONCEPTS OF GOVERNMENT 2. Limited Government This is: government is restricted in what it may do, and each individual has certain rights that government cannot take away

3 BASIC CONCEPTS OF GOVERNMENT 3. Representative Government- system of govt in which public policies are made by officials selected by the voters and held accountable in periodic elections

THE ENGLISH COLONIES Virginia-1 st permanent English colony- Jamestown Last-Georgia- 1733

JAMESTOWN America the Story of Us: Life in Jamestown - YouTube America the Story of Us: Life in Jamestown - YouTube

THE ENGLISH COLONIES Each colony established on the basis of a charter A written grant of authority from the king 3 kinds of colonies emerged: Royal colonies Proprietary colonies Charter colonies Let’s look at each of these……

ROYAL COLONIES Subject to the direct control of the Crown Virginia was the first A pattern of govt emerged The king named a governor to serve as the colony’s chief executive A council was named by the king to serve as advisors to the governor

ROYAL COLONIES CONTD The council became the UPPER house of the colonial BICAMERAL (two-house) legislature The lower house was elected by those property owners qualified to vote The governor appointed judges Laws passed by the legislature had to be approved by the king and the governor

THE PROPRIETARY COLONIES Organized by a proprietor, a person to whom the king had granted land The land could be settled & governed much as the owner chose. Examples: Maryland was granted to Lord Baltimore (1632) Pennsylvania was granted to William Penn (1681) Delaware to William Penn (1682)

ACTIVITY Read the Maryland Toleration Act, 1649

PROPRIETARY COLONIES CONTD Govts much like those in the royal colonies Exception-the governor was appointed by the proprietor Maryland & Delaware-legislatures were bicameral but in Pennsylvania, the legislature was unicameral

THE CHARTER COLONIES Based on charters granted to the colonists themselves Governors were elected by the white, male property owners in each colony Laws made by the bicameral legislature were NOT subject to the governor’s veto, nor was the Crown’s approval needed. So, most governmental matters were handled by the colonists.

ORIGINS OF THE 3 BASIC CONCEPTS Magna Carta – YouTube The Magna Carta included fundamental rights like trial by jury & due process of law Established the principle that the power of the monarchy was NOT absolute.