Managing land issues for sustainable local development: Notes for a policy research and action agenda in Latin America Malcolm D. Childress Sr. Land Administration Specialist Paul B. Siegel Consultant Latin America and Caribbean Region Sustainable Development Network The World Bank November 19, 2009

A Global Land Administration Perspective From Enemark (2008)

Recent evolution of land management tools and concepts From Wallace (2009)

Main areas of intervention/programs/projects: 1) Land Administration, titling and institutional-strengthening Basic legislation and policy frameworks, land institutions, area and community-wide: cadastral surveys, improved registries and adjudication, administrative boundaries and governance, disputes. Individual: regularization, registration, issuance of ‘titles’, transfers, subdivisions, inheritance, 2) Land Taxation Cadastral updating, valuation, notification, appeals 3) Land-use Planning Zoning, permitting, public investment planning, public land management, expropriation, protected areas, disaster risk management 4) Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Platforms, standards, legislations, institutional requirements 5) Land Reforms imposed, negotiated, via restitution, via intervention in land markets (land funds); strong linkages with agricultural factor markets;

Business licenses Hydrology Owners’ names Geology Climate Owners’ addresses Owners’ contact address Business entities Heritage Residents and or occupiers Soil Estates and interests DCDB Satellite images Geographic Names Geocoded property addresses Habitat Aerial photos Utilities Topographic map archive Body corporate rules and responsibilities Restricted sites Parcel Use, condition and zoning Burglary risks Landform (DTM) Rates Property Mortgages Drainage Transport Access Boundaries Administrative boundaries Resources Water license Topographic reference data sets Image data Geographic names register Photogrammetric control archive Text & Text &SpatialData SpatialData Spatial Data Infrastructures Web Enabled Access Location Based Platforms EnablingTechnology Converting Data into Information SupportedFunctions for Key Government and Business Activities SupportedFunctions for Key Government and Business Activities Policy making Transactions management Activity management Land development & planning Land valuation & taxation Provision of utilities & services Transport & access Farming & resource management Disclosure of restrictions Emergency management

BUILDING COMPLEX COMMODITIES From Wallace (2009)

Hypotheses for improving sustainable development impacts from land interventions in LAC—a policy research and action agenda. 1) High payoffs to improved monitoring and evaluation through spatial methods; cost-effective possibility to perform multiple monitoring and evaluation functions through geographic information platforms (spatial data infrastructure) 2) High returns for expansion of urban land projects linked to improved municipal finance, and “smart” governance; includes planning and financing for urban expansion to create affordable housing and replace informal settlement formation 3) Large benefits to integrated land use planning and management as part of territorial development initiatives 4) Higher payoffs to multi-sectoral, territorial approaches for rural areas. (integrated land regularization and distribution with NRM, asset-transfers and market linkages) ; 5) High poverty reduction and social development impact from land redistribution and/other forms of asset redistribution for poor agricultural and resource-sector households if well- targeted, demand-driven, commercially-oriented. 6) High economic and social returns for specialized, well-defined land regularization projects in conflictual areas, informal settlements if based on participatory methods, low-cost technology and governance linkages. From: Childress, Siegel, Barham (2009)

The promise of integrated spatial methods for embedded policy feedback and development planning 1.By using spatial information frames as a platform for cultivating “evidence-based practice” as the standard of monitoring and evaluating of impacts of diverse sets of outcomes (climate, infrastructure, disasters, resource management, agriculture, urban processes, crime, health) 2.By embedding policy-relevant questions and appropriate indicators of impacts in spatial data infrastructures to create long-term data series with multiple uses; 3.By “ground-truthing” complex causality of impacts using qualitative research and mixed methods to complement quantitative methods and encouraging participatory monitoring and evaluation to “grow” constituencies and capacity in territories, i.e., link research and participatory planning processes using spatial frames; 4.By considering positive and negative spillover effects on individuals and on institutions—regional spillovers are the essence of development or underdevelopment 5.By taking a broad sectoral and territorial approach to evaluate impacts linking regional data with household data.

Thank you Comments and suggestions welcome: