The rise of Jacksonian Democracy AGE OF JACKSON The rise of Jacksonian Democracy

“Champion of the Common Man” Jackson’s Legacy??? “Champion of the Common Man” “King Andrew”

Who was Andrew Jackson? Born March 15, 1767 to parents who immigrated from Ireland Believed to be the first president born in a log cabin His father was killed in a logging accident before Andrew was born Was a westerner (raised in Tennessee) Grew up extremely poor

Who was Andrew Jackson? Joined a militia during the American Revolution at the age of 13 He and his brother Robert were captured by the British and held aboard a warship Andrew’s face was slashed by a redcoat officer after he refused to shine the officer’s shoes He and his brother contracted smallpox while held prisoner by the British; his brother died His mother served as a nurse to the prisoners aboard the British war ship; she contracted cholera and died Andrew Jackson was an orphan by the age of 14

Who was Andrew Jackson? Became a country lawyer in Tennessee Joined the military in 1801 and fought during the War of 1812 Became a national war hero for his leadership and victory at the Battle of New Orleans Was an Indian fighter on the western frontier

Who was Andrew Jackson? Became a well-respected politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1796), U.S. Senate (1797), Tennessee Supreme Court Judge (1798-1804) Was a planter, slave owner, and merchant at his home The Hermitage, near Nashville, Tennessee The Hermitage

Who was Andrew Jackson? He was hot-tempered and had been involved in many duels throughout his life He was a gambler who would bet on anything The first presidential assassination attempt was made on President Jackson

Who was Andrew Jackson? Married to Rachel Jackson, who had previously been married to another man People treated Rachel very badly, and Andrew had lots of enemies because of the unfair treatment of his wife Rachel died in 1828, two weeks after Jackson was elected president He believed she died of a broken heart

Who was Andrew Jackson? Andrew Jackson had the nickname of “Old Hickory” Why? It was believed that he was as tough as an old hickory stick (nothing could break him)

Election of 1824 1. Four men ran for president in 1824 Andrew Jackson Henry Clay John Quincy Adams William Crawford

Election of 1824 Results

Election of 1824 2. No one wins enough electoral votes to be named the winner So who decides the winner? House of Representatives Who did they choose? John Quincy Adams

Election of 1824 3. Jackson accuses Adams and Clay of a “corrupt bargain” Henry Clay was Speaker of the House and supported Adams for President Adams named Clay as the Secretary of State

Political Changes in the 1820s Democratic-Republicans Federalists   as Whigs Democrats

Election of 1828 Andrew Jackson easily defeats John Quincy Adams to become the 7th president of the U.S.

Executive Branch 1828 President Andrew Jackson Vice President John C. Calhoun

Democratic Changes Under Jackson Voting Rights States eliminated the requirement of property ownership, so white males over 21 could vote

Democratic Changes Under Jackson Choosing a President Nominating conventions were held within political parties, giving the people more choice in who their candidate was

Democratic Changes Under Jackson Campaigning Methods Candidates held rallies, dinners, and public meetings; ordinary citizens were even invited to Jackson’s inauguration

Spoils System Causes President should be the voice of the common people Supporters of Jackson were appointed to government positions Permanent government officials led to office corruption

Spoils System Effects Average citizens had more voice in government Rewarded for their loyalty because they cared about Jackson’s agenda Changed people holding office more frequently to prevent corruption

Jacksonian Democracy Causes End of property qualifications for voters Spoils system New forms of campaigning

Jacksonian Democracy Effects Expanded suffrage Aimed to eliminate corruption caused by the rich Politics became accessible to the ordinary person

Nullification

Nullification

Jackson vs. Native Americans Before he was president, Andrew Jackson spent time on the western frontier fighting various Indian tribes He proposed the Indian Removal Act in 1830, to move all tribes west of the Mississippi River The Native Americans would agree to move west in exchange for money, rifles and provisions from the federal government The Cherokee refused this proposal and remained in Georgia, claiming they were a nation separate from that of the United States

Jackson vs. Native Americans Georgia passed a law in 1830 forbidding white people from living among the Indians without a license from the governor Samuel Worcester was a Christian missionary living among the Indians and was put in prison for 4 years He sued to obtain his freedom, and his case went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court

Jackson vs. Native Americans Worcester v. Georgia (1832) ruling from Chief Justice John Marshall The Cherokee were their own community (nation) The laws of Georgia had no force on Cherokee lands Thus, Worcester should be set free and the Cherokee should be left alone by the state of Georgia

Jackson vs. Native Americans Jackson ignored this ruling and forced the Cherokee to move west of the Mississippi River anyway! In 1837, federal troops escorted 16,000 Cherokee Indians during the harsh winter to their new home in “Indian Territory” (now Oklahoma) ¼ died from starvation, freezing, and sickness

Jackson vs. Native Americans The 800-mile journey of the Cherokee was known as the “Trail of Tears”

Trail of Tears

THOUGHT SPOT Describe the differences between the land the Cherokee lived on in Georgia and the land they were forced on to in Oklahoma.

Georgia Landscape

Oklahoma Landscape

Complete an APARTY analysis of this political cartoon (need handout) Pre-AP Analysis Complete an APARTY analysis of this political cartoon (need handout) Title: “Andrew Jackson as the Great Father” Andrew Jackson, legs crossed, sits in an armchair, holding two diminutive Native Americans on his lap. Six diminutive Native Americans sit or stand on the patterned rug at Jackson's feet, looking up at him. A framed picture of Columbia, holding a spear and with her foot on the head of a fallen foe, hangs on the wall in the background. A table on Jackson's right holds a scroll, a book, and two quill pens. The cartoon depicts his position on Native American governmental policies and sarcastically portrays him as a kind ‘father-figure’ to disenfranchised Native Americans. This cartoon, commenting on President Jackson’s passage of the Native American Removal Act five years earlier, attempted to infuse humor into our sometimes brutal political processes.

Pre-AP Assignment Turn to the back of your packet. Read the information regarding your assignment. Due Thursday, February 14th

Jackson vs. National Bank The National Bank was created by Alexander Hamilton in 1796 with the purpose of: Organizing the federal government’s money Allowing the Federalists to control who received loans from the government Challenges to the National Bank were dismissed by the Supreme Court, who gave validity to it in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Jackson vs. National Bank Andrew Jackson hated the bank for the following reasons Thought the bank was too powerful It gave advantages to people who were already rich instead of the poor Believed only states should be able to charter banks within their borders – not the federal government

Jackson vs. National Bank Jackson decides to “destroy the monster” 1832 – He vetoed the charter extension of the National Bank 1836 – The charter officially expired 1841 – The National Bank went bankrupt Many felt that Jackson overstepped his bounds in dealing with the National Bank, as he ignored the Supreme Court’s ruling

Jackson vs. National Bank

Life After the Presidency Actual picture of Andrew Jackson one year before his death (in 1844) Never remarried…died alone, in massive debt, and in his home, The Hermitage, which was falling apart

So just who is Andrew Jackson? War Hero?

So just who is Andrew Jackson? Champion of the Common Man?

So just who is Andrew Jackson? King Andrew?

BEFORE THE TARDY BELL RINGS Have out the following items on your desk: Andrew Jackson notes One sheet of notebook paper Writing utensil (already sharpened, ready to write, etc.) NOTHING ELSE (no books, binders, etc.) If you are out of your seat and not ready to begin class when the bell rings, you will be counted as tardy

What do YOU think? Was Jackson a the “Military Hero,” Champion of the Common Man,” or “King Andrew”? You need to write one page explaining your thoughts on this topic. Support your choice with at least 3 good reasons. Remember…the more you support your feelings, the better your grade will be. Make your decision and support it.