Introduction to SNMP AfNOG 11, Kigali/Rwanda.

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to SNMP AfNOG 11, Kigali/Rwanda

What is SNMP? SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol Industry standard protocol to manage network equipment Mostly routers/switches support it, but also PCs, Firewalls and some other equipment Manager (monitoring/management station) communicates with agents (monitored/managed devices) Either manager requests information or changes (GET/SET) --- we focus on GET Or Agent tells manager something happened (TRAP) Management Information Base (MIB) defines variables maintained by the agent

How does SNMP work? Communication on UDP Port 161 (unreliable!) Used mostly for monitoring Interface usage bytes / packets / errors Environmental: Temperature,CPU,Disk Protocols: e.g. OSPF neighbour status Caveat: not everything you can get via other methods, you can also get via SNMP! Tools in this class: Nagios/Cacti use SNMP extensively Variables in MIB are identified by object identifiers (OIDs) Hierarchical naming Standard variables (system/interfaces/etc) and vendor specifics (e.g. Cisco)

Types of packets GetRequest - request information about a certain variable GetNextRequest - get next variable after a certain OID SetRequest - set information of certain variable GetResponse - response to previous three packets Trap - something happened, this is what (UDP port 162) take care, this is also unreliable authentication via "community" (cleartext password)

MIB tree

OID and MIBs Navigate MIB tree, separated by MIB, each OID has label e.g. .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3 is .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib.system.sysUpTime translation/more information for tools via MIB files, some come with distribution, vendor extensible -- structure in ASN.1 language When querying there are simple objects (add .0) or tables (e.g. interfaces - Name/IP/byte counter) with indices

Different SNMP versions SNMPv1 - simple authentication (cleartext password), basic commands SNMPv2 - new requests (GETBULK for faster requests, and INFORM for reliable information), new data types (64 bit counters!) and new, complicated security more common v2c, with the old security model SNMPv3 Current IETF standard: adds authentication, privacy, access control You probably want to firewall SNMP at network edges and on the boxes (esp. if you use v1 or v2c)

Let's try this out Unix tools to query SNMP: snmpget snmpstatus snmpwalk snmpset Syntax: snmpxxx -c community -v1 (-v2c) host [oid] (or man snmpget) Example: snmpget -c afnog -v2c 196.200.218.254 interfaces.ifDescr.0 snmpget -c afnog -v2c 196.200.218.254 .1.3.6.1.2.1.2.1.2.2 snmpwalk -c afnog -v2c 196.200.218.248 system

Exercises Exercises