Ch 29: Europe and North America

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Ch 29: Europe and North America The cold war Ch 29: Europe and North America

Map Activity Locate and label the Soviet Union, United States, Great Britain, Cuba, Turkey, Canada, South Korea, Iran, France, and Australia. Label the countries that were allies of the Soviet Union, and those that were allies of the US. (Use a key!) This will be on your test Friday!

Potsdam Conference Germany in ruins Divided Germany & Berlin into 4 zones of occupation Nuremberg Trials Tried more than 200 Nazi and military leaders Germany to pay war reparations

The Cold War Era of hostility and tension between the US and the Soviet Union “Iron Curtain” used to describe sharp division of Europe Truman Doctrine – oppose spread of communism Marshall Plan, 1947, to rebuild Europe US Policy of Containment – block Communist expansion

Kick Off December 18, 2013 Textbook page 868 #2, 6, 10, 12, 17, 18

Cold War Confrontations 1947, Crisis in Berlin Berlin Airlift

Germany West – Federal Republic of Germany East – German Democratic Republic, or East Germany

New Alliances NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization US, Canada, most Western European nations Counter Soviet power Warsaw Pact, 1955

Cold War Questions

Kick Off January 6, 2013 1. The prom king and queen are always the most popular people in school. Can there be multiple prom kings and queens in the same school? Why or why not? 2. Read page 900, and answer questions 1 and 2 on page 901.

The Cold War

The Struggle Begins Era of hostility and tension between the US and Soviet Union United States vs. Soviet Union Capitalism vs. Communism

Although the US and USSR never fought each other, the tensions heated up and created “satellite wars.”

US Policy of Containment Truman Doctrine – pledge to provide economic and military aid to oppose spread of communism Marshall Plan – provided $13 billion for rebuilding Europe

Confrontations 1947, split Germany into zones of occupation 1948, Soviets blockaded West Berlin Berlin Airlift Soviets call off blockade in 1949

Superpower Rivalries

Arms Race Struggle between nations to gain advantage in weapons 1952, US tests hydrogen bomb at Bikini Atoll US & USSR increase stockpile of nuclear weapons Deterrence – development of military power to prevent attack

Sputnik World’s first satellite to orbit the earth Launched by USSR in 1957 Causes US government to establish National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1958

Public Fears Bomb shelters Air-raid drills Red Scare in the US 1940s and 50s Sen. Joseph McCarthy Expose communists in American film industry and government

Berlin Wall 1961, East German residents working in West Berlin East Germany erected Berlin Wall to stop exodus Those trying to cross would be shot by guards

Cuba 1959, communist rebels overthrow Cuba’s dictator US tries to overthrow Castro (new communist leader) Bay of Pigs Invasion Invaders defeated

Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 Soviet Union installed nuclear missiles in Cuba 2-week standoff resulted in Soviet leaders removing missiles from Cuba US removed missiles from Turkey

Attempts at Arms Control Description Effects 1955, Open Skies Treaty 1963, Test Ban Treaty 1968, __________ ________________ (_____________) 1988, Intermediate-Range Nuclear Force (INF) Treaty

Changing Societies

United States Strong economy, driven by increase in consumer spending GI Bill of Rights Helped American veterans go to college Baby boom Civil Rights Women’s Rights Counterculture – rebellion of teens and young adults againt mainstream society

Postwar Soviet Union Command economy Nikita Khrushchev Government controls all economic decisions Nikita Khrushchev Leader of Soviet Union Effort to “de-Stalinize” Soviet Union Still committed to communism

Revolutions in Eastern Europe 1980, Poland: Solidarity Anti-government protest movement Czechoslovakia’s Velvet Revolution Romanian revolution resulted in bloodshed 1989, East Germany opened gates of Berlin Wall

Mikhail Gorbachev 1985, leader of Soviet Union Glasnost – “openness” Willingness to openly discuss Soviet Union’s problems Perestroika – “restructuring” Reform of Soviet economic and political system

After the Cold War

Soviet Union Collapses 1991, Soviet government ceased to function after republics gained independence

Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992, declare independence from Yugoslavia Bosnian Serbs wanted to remain part of Yugoslavia, started war to prevent Bosnian independence Serbs used ethnic cleansing against Bosnian Muslims US-led diplomatic effort finally ended violence in 1995

Cold War Scavenger Hunt Vocab word Start at your assigned letter/color. Write it on your paper. Write the statement you see at the bottom of the paper. Complete the statement with a vocab word. Find the vocab word at another station. Repeat!