Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2010 Big Ideas For students to really understand fractions, they must experience fractions across many functions, including part of a whole, ratio, and division. Three categories of models exist for working with fractions—area, length, and set or quantity. Partitioning and iterating are ways for students to understand the meaning of fractions, especially numerator and denominator. Students need many experiences estimating with fractions. Understanding equivalent fractions is critical.
Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2010 Building on Whole- Number Concepts Misunderstandings of Fractions and Fraction Parts Thinking of numerator and denominator as separate values Not thinking of equal parts Thinking that a fraction is smaller because it has a smaller denominator Using the rules from whole numbers to compute Only one size for the whole
Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2010 Models for Fractions Region or area models Length models Set models
Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2010 Using Fraction Language and Symbols Counting fraction parts: Iteration Fraction notation Fractions greater than 1 Assessing understanding
Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2010 Estimating with Fractions Benchmarks of zero, one-half, and one Using number sense to compare More of the same-size parts Same number of parts of different sizes More and less than one-half or one whole Closeness to one-half or one whole Including equivalent fractions
Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2010 Equivalent-Fraction Concepts Conceptual focus on equivalence Equivalent-fraction models Developing an equivalent-fraction algorithm — a region model approach — writing fractions in simplest terms — multiplying by one
Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2010 Teacher Considerations for Fraction Concepts Focus on meaning Develop a generalizable rule Emphasize that fractions are numbers Focus on fractions greater than one early Provide a variety of models
Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2010 More Teacher Considerations for Fraction Concepts Link fractions to benchmarks Give emphasis to fractions as division Link fractions, decimals, and percents Gain awareness of individual thinking Look for examples and activities that engage