Page 1 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND WOMEN’S LIVELIHOOD – CASE STUDIES FROM VIETNAM Conference: Agriculture and Sustainable Rural Development in Time of Crisis - Critical Engagements from a Gender Perspective Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dang Tung Hoa Faculty of Economics and Management Water Resources University of Vietnam Berlin, 26th January 2013

Page 2 1. Introduction to water resources management and women’s livelihood 2. Theoretical approach 3. Case studies from Vietnam 4. Conclusion and recommendation Contents

Page 3 1. Introduction to water resources management and women’s livelihood  Water is a critical to the livelihood and well-being of the world’s population but millions fuffer from lack of access to clean water, inadequate water for food production etc.  Effective programming and policies require understanding and addressing the gender specific relationship to natural resources management and people (FAO 2007a).

Page 4 1. Introduction to water resources management and women’s livelihood (2)  Water resources management in the context of livelihood from a gender pespecitve include: + How man and women use water resources and what for purpose? + How is labor division between gender - age - class – women – race - ethnicity? Who makes decisions about water resources? + How gender-equitable approaches can be institutionalized?

Page 5 Introduction to gender  Gender equality: Gender equality is the measurable equal representation of women and men  Gender equality is the heart of development. It’s the right development objective, and it’s smart economic policy (World Bank 2012)

Page 6 2. Theoretical approach Human ecology

Page 7 2. Theoretical approach (2) Figure 1: Human ecological triangle with resources management Source: Teherani-Kroenner (2011)

Page 8 3. Case studies from Vietnam Case study 1: Local knowledge of the use and protection of water resources by Thai community in Vietnam Case study 2: Cultural and Ecological Investigations into Forest Utilization by the Thai, Hmong and Kinh people in the Mountainous Region of Northwest Vietnam with Respect on Gender Relations Case study 3: Status of women and men in land tenure in Mat village, Van Mieu commune, Thanh Son district, Phu Tho province in Vietnam

Page 9 3. Case studies from Vietnam (2) Case study 1: Local knowledge of the use and protection of water resources by Thai community in Vietnam  For Thai community, water is reflected in two aspects: water for production and water for daily needs  Traditional knowledge of Thai ethnic in use and protection water resources reflected not only cultural character, but also in social behavior and their community management.  Specific technology for paddy rice, both men and women involve.

Page Case studies from Vietnam (3) Case study 2: Cultural and Ecological Investigations into Forest Utilization by the Thai, Hmong and Kinh people in the Mountainous Region of Northwest Vietnam with Respect on Gender Relations

Page 11 Figure 1: Research areas: Nordwest Vietnam Ecological Living condition of Hmong, Thai and Kinh in Nordwest Vietnam

Page 12 Hmong group

Page 13 Thai village

Page Case studies from Vietnam (4) Case study 2  The local knowledge of forestry products and tree species varies widely indeed regarding 3 ethnic groups and also gender  Women and men of the Thai and the Hmong show comprehensive knowledge of plants with their clearly gender-specific utilisation  Women and men of all three ethnic groups are given access to the various resources, but their rights of control are different.

Page Case studies from Vietnam (5) Case study 3: Status of women and men in land tenure in Mat village, Van Mieu commune, Thanh Son district, Phu Tho province in Vietnam  Women’s land use rights are hampered by traditional patriarchy system, also by irrationality in the policy implementation.  Gender equality in land tenure, relationship between state law policy and local customs should be taken into policy maker’s consideration.

Page Conclusion and recommendation  Sustainable resources management including gender aspects can contribute effectively solutions.  Human ecology framework is useful approach for livelihoods, gender and sustainable natural resources management.  Appropriated gender responsive methodology for research, extension and development is needed.

Page Conclusion and recommendation (2)  Mainstreaming women and gender requires both an active role for women in decision making.  Combining local knowledge of women and man with scientific knowledge and vocational training is necessary for sustainable natural resources management.  Further research in natural resources management including gender aspects are recommended.

Page Conclusion and recommendation (3)  Comperative studies in different countries  Publication ???

Page 19 Message You can’t clap with one hand!

Page 20 References  Dang Tung Hoa (2001): Gender differences using forest resources by the ethnic minority in Northwest of Vietnam. Science & Technology Journal of Agriculture & Rural Development. No.8: pp  Dang Tung Hoa, Luong Thi Thu Hang (2009): Gender issue in natural resources utilization and management in Ma river basin. International workshop proceeding Water Resources University. Hanoi.  Dang Tung Hoa (2008): An Overview of Gender in Development and Social Forestry in Vietnam. In: Parto Teherani-Kroenner/ Brigitte Woerteler (Hg.) (2008): You can’t clap with one hand! Gender Research and Networking. Volume A. Frauen*Gesellschaft*Kritik. Band 46. Centaurus Verlag. Kenzingen, Germany.

Page 21 References (2)  Luong Thi Thu Hang (2003): Status of women and men in current land tenure. In: Gender, Environment ans sustainable Development Centre (GENDCEN) (2003). Workshop Proceeding: Land Tenure in Vietnam Upland Area. Hanoi.  Parto Teherani Kroenner (2011): Human Ecology and Gender: a framework to discover natural and cultural resources. In: Dang Tung Hoa, Nguyen Thi Lan Huong (2011): Workshop: Application of the Human Ecology Framework in Natural Resources Management in Vietnam. Water Resources University - DAAD. Hanoi.  Parto Teherani-Kroenner/ Brigitte Woerteler (Hg.) (2008): You can’t clap with one hand! Gender Research and Networking. Volume A. Frauen*Gesellschaft*Kritik. Band 46. Centaurus Verlag. Kenzingen, Germany.  World Bank (2012): Gender Equalily and Development.World Development Report The World Bank. Washington, DC.