Freshwater Biomes Chapter 10

Objectives  Describe the factors that characterize the various types of aquatic biomes. * Drinking * Cooking * Bathing * Transportation * * Electrical Energy * Cooling * 10.1 Aquatic Biomes

Freshwater Video

Aquatic Habitats  Ones in which the organisms live in or on the water.  Aquatic Biome Characteristics  Salinity  Depth  Dissolved Oxygen  Flow Rate

Salinity  The amount of dissolved salts in a sample of water.  Salt water: 30 ppt  Fresh water: 0.5 ppt  Brackish water: in between  Salt Lake (hypersaline): 40 ppt

Depth  Depth relates to the amount of sunlight  Sunlight determines the amounts and types of plants  Since plants provide the food for animals, depth determines the amount and types of animals

Depth Zones  Photic Zone  The top layer of water that receives enough sunlight for photosynthesis  Aphotic Zone  Sunlight never reaches  Very deep lakes and the oceans  Benthic Zone  The floor of a body of water  May have plants and animals depending on depth

Quick Quiz 10.1QQ 1. Settlers used rivers for 2. Aquatic Biome Characteristics 3. Aquatic Biome Characteristics 4. Aquatic Biome Characteristics 5. Aquatic Biome Characteristics ppt salt 7. Reduces with depth 8. A depth zone 9. A depth zone 10. A depth zone A. Sunlight B. Depth C. Benthic D. Flow Rate E. Aphotic F. Salinity G. Transportation H. Photic I. Salt water J. Dissolved Oxygen K. Brackish

10.2 Standing-Water Ecosystems Objectives  Identify the characteristics of different types of standing-water ecosystems  Explain the value of wetlands and the reason for their decline

Standing Water Organisms  Several levels of habitat  Top level supports the plankton community  Microorganisms that float on surface of water  Bottom of aquatic food web

Standing Water Organisms  Two types of plankton  Phytoplankton  Carries out photosynthesis  The main producers in aquatic biomes  Zooplankton  Do not carry out photosynthesis  Consumers of phytoplankton

Lake Question Which is it? A.Lake B.Pond C.Swamp D.Bog

Pond Question Which is it? A.Lake B.Pond C.Swamp D.Bog

Lakes & Ponds Video

Wetlands  Ecosystems in which the roots of plants are submerged under water at least part of the year  Marshes  Swamps  Bogs  Soil is soaked in water  Very low in dissolved oxygen

Wetlands continued  Very important  Act as filters, detoxifying chemicals in the water  Breeding, feeding & resting grounds for waterfowl  Flood protection  Refilling of aquifers

Marsh Question Which is it? A.Swamp B.Marsh C.Mangrove D.Bog

Marsh Video

Swamp Question Which is it? A.Swamp B.Marsh C.Mangrove D.Bog

Swamp Video

Mangrove Swamp Question Which is it? A.Swamp B.Marsh C.Mangrove D.Bog

Mangrove Video

The Bog Question Which is it? A.Swamp B.Marsh C.Mangrove D.Bog

Bog Video

Wetlands vs Humans  Being destroyed at an alarming rate  Not as attractive as other natural habitats  Breeding grounds for mosquitoes  Unpleasant odor – swamp gas – methane  Valuable land for development  Used as landfills

Florida Everglades  Much was drained to create farmland.  The natural cycle was destroyed and populations of many organisms was greatly reduced  Some land has been returned to wetlands and the water flow has been adjusted  Still an endangered habitat but now there is hope

Quick Quiz t/f10.2QQ 1. The bottom of the aquatic food web is plankton. 2. Zooplankton carries out photosynthesis. 3. Phytoplankton is a consumer. 4. Marshes, swamps & bogs are wetlands. 5. Wetlands are important because they protect from floods. 6. Roots of wetland plants are submerged under water at least part of the year 7. Wetlands should be destroyed because they breed mosquitoes and they smell. 8. The Everglades are expanding and threatening the take over of Florida. 9. Draining the Everglades is an important step towards solving the alligator problem. 10. Swamps have lots of trees but marshes typically do not.

10.3 Flowing Water Ecosystems Objective  Describe how abiotic factors of gravity, erosion, and sedimentation affect stream ecosystems Scientists call all aboveground bodies of flowing freshwater streams

Stream Organisms  Adapt to the waters movement  Plants have roots that keep them in place  Some organisms burrow into sandy bottoms  Some have hooks to grab hold of plants  Some have suckers to anchor to rocks  Some have ability to swim upstream  Seek calm pools at sides of streams

Stream Flow  Often begin from runoff from melting snow  Flow downhill  Flow towards the oceans  At source (head) flow is too fast for most organisms

Stream Video

Stream Flow continued  As stream slows, small particles settle to bottom called sediments.  Sediments provide a place for plants to grow  Phytoplankton multiply  Enough food to support consumers

The Course of a Stream  Sedimentation and erosion cause the course to change  Results in a winding or meandering of the stream

Human Activity  Streams changed dramatically by human activity  Dams and reservoirs  Stream beds become lake bottoms  Levees and dikes for flood control  Dredging for shipping  Changing the course of a stream damages or destroys the delicate habitats of many organisms

The End

Quick Quiz QQ Abiotic factors of gravity, e_____, and s_____ affect stream ecosystems 2. Scientists call all aboveground bodies of flowing freshwater ______ 3. Adaptations to the waters movement include h___ & s____. 4. Stream flow often begins from runoff from m___ s___. 5. Streams flow d_____ towards the o_____. 6. At source (head) flow is too fast for most o______. 7. As stream slows, small particles settle to bottom called s______ providing a place for p______ to grow 8. Meandering is caused by s_____ and e______. 9. Streams are often damaged by _______ activity.