Environmental Law & Governance Nirmal Sengupta
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW (1) POLLUTION CONTROL LAWS Environment Protection Act (1986- ) Water pollution (1974- ) Air pollution ( ) Noise pollution ( ) Hazardous substances and organisms (1989- ) Climate change related- Ozone depleting substance (2000- )
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW (2) CONSERVATION RELATED LAWS Indian Forest Act, 1927 Forest Conservation Act,1980 Joint Forest Management Circular (1990- ) Wildlife Protection Act, 1973 Coastal Regulation Zone notification (1991- ) Aquaculture Authority notification (1997- ) Biosafety and Recombinant DNA Guidelines (1989) Biological Diversity Act, 2002
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW (3) OPERATIONAL NOTIFICATIONS Pollution Control Board Environmental Impact Assessment Eco-Labelling
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW (4) PROCEDURAL LAWS Constitution- Eleventh & Twelfth Schedules Appellate Authorities & Environmental Tribunals Public Liability Insurance Act,1991 Provisions of Indian Penal Code Provisions of Criminal Procedure Code Provisions of Factories Act, 1948
exercise of authority (governance) so as to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Exhaustible Resources Hotelling (1930) formulation Doomsday Formulations: Club of Rome (1970) - Limits to Growth but - Prices did not increase as much Current stress on human ingenuity new reserves, alternatives, innovation
Exhaustible Resources Recycling Meets sustainability criterion Renewable Resources Regeneration Meets sustainability criterion
Sustainable Management of Resources criteria instruments
Sustainable Management of Resources criteria instruments Economic efficiency
Sustainable Management of Resources criteria instruments Economic efficiency Market prices
Sustainable Management of Resources criteria instruments Economic efficiency Market prices Economic efficiency in presence of externalities
Sustainable Management of Resources criteria instruments Economic efficiency Market prices Economic efficiency in presence of externalities Clear Property Right Market based instruments (e.g. taxes, subsidies)
Sustainable Management of Resources criteria instruments Economic efficiency Market prices Economic efficiency in presence of externalities Clear Property Right Market based instruments (e.g. taxes, subsidies) Sustainability
Sustainable Management of Resources criteria instruments Economic efficiency Market prices Economic efficiency in presence of externalities Clear Property Right Market based instruments (e.g. taxes, subsidies) Sustainability Command & Control Community based management Market based instruments (e.g. eco-taxes, subsidies, tradable rights)
Sustainable Management of Resources criteria instruments Economic efficiency Market prices Economic efficiency in presence of externalities Clear Property Right Market based instruments (e.g. taxes, subsidies) Sustainability Command & Control Community based management Market based instruments (e.g. eco-taxes, subsidies, tradable rights) Equity -
Sustainable Management of Resources criteria instruments Economic efficiency Market prices Economic efficiency in presence of externalities Clear Property Right Market based instruments (e.g. taxes, subsidies) Sustainability Command & Control Community based management Market based instruments (e.g. eco-taxes, subsidies, tradable rights) Equity - Capabilities approach
Instruments for Efficient & Sustainable management Equity criterion should to be met in addition Command & Control Community based management Market based instruments (e.g. eco-taxes, subsidies, tradable rights)
Sustainable Resource Management Equtiy, Efficiency, Sustainability +RESILIENCE