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In this module we will be learning about Anaesthesia and Anaesthesia Machines. This module is divided into 6 broad topics mentioned as under : About : In this topic you will learn about how Anaesthesia is used in a operating procedure. Using Anaesthesia Machines to Administer General Anaesthesia Main parts of an Anaesthesia Machine. Working of a Anaesthesia Machine. Cistron Anaesthesia Machine product range and its features. Sales and service best practices Summary Each topic will conclude with an assessment.

About Anaesthesia is a unique medical intervention which does not itself offer any particular medical benefit and instead enables the performance of other medical interventions. The best anaesthetic is therefore one with the lowest risk to the patient that still achieves the end points required to complete the other intervention. There are many different needs and goals of anaesthesia. Unconsciousness Amnesia Analgesia and Muscle relaxation To reach the above mentioned multiple end points one or more drugs are commonly used (such as general anaesthetics, hypnotics, sedatives, paralytics, narcotics and analgesics), each of which serves a specific purpose in creating a safe anaesthetic.

Using Anaesthesia Machines to Administer General Anaesthesia A cocktail of gases is the most common anaesthesia technique used to achieve the controlled state of unconsciousness and loss of sensation that results from general anaesthesia. Sometimes techniques are combined to reduce side effects in certain patients or to better achieve the desired effect. Gases are delivered to patients through an oxygen mask that fits over the patient’s mouth and nose. Patients breathe in the mixture of oxygen, nitrous oxide, and other gases that’s combined and regulated by the anaesthesia machine. The machine also captures, purifies, and reuses or releases the gases that are exhaled by the patient.

Parts of Anaesthesia Machine

Here’s how the different parts work together to make an anaesthesia machine function. Vaporizers: Anaesthesia machines keep patients sedated and breathing by delivering a mix of gases that includes oxygen and nitrous oxide. The anaesthesiologist controls the level of sedation through the vaporizer which mixes the gases. Ventilators: Ventilators keep patients breathing during sedation and help maintain good blood composition. Modern ventilators have multiple settings to help regulate the breathing patterns of different types and ages of patients. Flowmeters: Flowmeters control the levels of gases as the anaesthesiologist administers them. New, low-flow machines are just as effective but help maintain the patient’s core temperature at the same time. Breathing Circuits: These devices effectively breathe for patients as they send the mix of anaesthetic gases to the lungs and exhale the CO2 by-product. Circular breathing units administer a low flow of continuous gases to patients for best results. Scavenging Systems: These systems expel the gases the patient releases from their lungs. In an active scavenging system, suction is used to remove the gases from the patient’s lungs. In a passive system a tube sends gases out to a ventilation system for purification

Working of an Anaesthesia Machine

Cistron Anaesthesia Machine Product Range Premium Workstation Optima Anaesthesia Machine Supreme Anaesthesia Machine Regular Anaesthesia Machine Economy Anaesthesia Machine

Anaesthesia Premium Workstation Display - High Light LED display Ventilation Mode - IPPV & Manual mode Monitor Parameter - Tidal Volume, Breath Frequency, MV, Airway Pressure Gas Supply - O2 & N2O - 0.25 ~ 0.65MPa Gauge - 2 units, one N2O, one O2. Oxygen flush - 25L/min~75L/min Flow meter - Oxygen 0L/min~10L/min Nitrous Oxide 0L/min ~ 10L/min Adjust O2 and N2O in proportion (Keep's O2 concentration not lower than 25%) Safety Measure - MV & VT both high alarm and low alarm Tidal Volume - 50~1600ml Breath Frequency - 1~90 BPM I:E Ration - 4:1~1:6 Circle Absorber - Compact circle absorber

Optima Anaesthesia Machine Gas Supply – Three Gas O2, N2O and Air. Moveable FGO patient block with emergency O2 flush Vaporizer - of your choice or Draeger 2000 Control Circuit - with open circuit & closed Bain circuit and cycle system and ventilator. Ventilator – Circle absorber and Electrically driven connection facility Rotameter - Cascaded 5 tubes three gas Rotameter for low & high flow Scavenging System - Passive Safety Feature – Anti Hypoxia for 1:3 mixed ratio between O2 & N2O. Audio visual oxygen failure alarm Nitrolock facility. Additional Features - 6 cylinders, Drawer for storage Display Gauge , Stainless steel trolley Can operate from left or right. Optima Anaesthesia Machine

Supreme Anaesthesia Machine Ideal machine to suit all OT’s Gas Supply – Three Gas O2, N2O and Air Vaporizer - of your choice or Goldman Halothane Control Circuit - with open circuit & closed Bain circuit and cycle system and ventilator. Ventilator – Circle absorber and Electrically driven connection facility Rotameter - Safety Feature – Anti Hypoxia Guard. Audio visual oxygen failure alarm Nitrolock facility. Additional Features - Can hold 6 cylinders Connect directly to central pipe line Stainless steel trolley Drawer for storage Supreme Anaesthesia Machine

Regular Anaesthesia Machine Ideal machine to suit all OT’s Gas Supply - Two “A” type oxygen and nitrous oxide gas connection facility Two “B” type Oxygen cylinder connection Vaporizer - Goldman Halothane Control Circuit - with open circuit & closed Bain circuit and cycle system Ventilator – Electrically driven connection facility Rotameter - Long rotating flowmeters calibrated in double / triple scale for accuracy and clarity in reading Safety Feature - nitrous oxide cut-off facility. with Mox regulator and Nitro lock. Additional Features - Can hold 6 cylinders Change over unit with emergency O2 Drawer for storage Regular Anaesthesia Machine

Economy Anaesthesia Machine A unique compact design to suit minor OT & CT scan room. Gas Supply - One “A” type oxygen and nitrous oxide gas connection facility One “B” type Oxygen cylinder connection Vaporizer - Goldman Halothane Control Circuit - with open circuit & closed Bain circuit Safety Feature - nitrous oxide cut-off facility. with Mox regulator and Nitro lock. Additional Features - Very Compact Low cost of maintenance Can be easily shifted

Optima Anaesthesia Machine Supreme Anaesthesia Machine Features Optima Anaesthesia Machine Supreme Anaesthesia Machine Regular Anaesthesia Machine Economy Anaesthesia Machine

Q. In which Anaesthesia machine the passive scavenging system is available? Optima Anaesthesia Machine b) Supreme Anaesthesia Machine c) Regular Anaesthesia Machine d) None of the above

Q. Match the following Anaesthesia Ventilator a) b) Supreme Anaesthesia Machine b) c) Regular Anaesthesia Machine c) d) Premium Workstation d)

Q. Which Anaesthesia machine is suitable for Draeger 2000 Vaporizer ? Optima Anaesthesia Machine b) Supreme Anaesthesia Machine c) Regular Anaesthesia Machine d) None of the above

Sales Tips Service Tips Best practices with respect to sales and service Sales Tips Service Tips

Q. The safety feature of nitrous oxide cut-off facility means “The Nitrous oxide supply to patient interlocked with oxygen supply makes it impossible for Nitrous oxide to be administered to patient in the absence of oxygen pressure in yoke”. True False

Q. The Flow of Gas ( Oxygen or Nitrous Oxide) is controlled thorough which device in an Anaesthesia Machine. Pressure Gauges Rotameter Regulators Ventilators

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