Nairobi Convention o Doris Mutta Regional Seas (Nairobi Conventions) Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI) UNEP, UN Gigiri Complex P.O. Box Nairobi, Kenya NAIROBI CONVENTION The Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Western Indian Ocean

The Nairobi Convention Area Coastal states (10) Somalia to South Africa 5 Mainland coastal states 5 Island Developing States Coastline > 5,000 km: mangroves, sea grass beds, coral reefs, coastal forests Combined Population 178million- increasing demand on goods and services

Nairobi Convention The Nairobi Convention (1985/1996/Amended 2010) Governments’ political commitment to protection, management and development of the WIO region Umbrella regional agreement elaborated by 3 specific technical protocols Legal framework in the WIO region Platform for collaboration between countries and agencies (transboundary issues) AMCEN declaration of 2010 Country driven process/priorities Execution of Programme of Work through regional programmes: govts, national, regional, international institutions

UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project4 Marine and Coastal ecosystems support ecological systems, livelihoods and national economic development Fisheries, shipping, tourism, etc Over $25b per year and over 60 million coastal population TransBoundary Diagnostic Analysis

UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project5 Physical alteration and destruction of habitats Habitat conversion: Overexploitation: Marine pollution: crude oil vessels accidental oil spills, Chemical pollution: Ports and harbours (hot spots) Dredging activities Mangroves dieback, sea grass- decline productivity Water quality: declining fish stocks, tourism, etc invasive species

UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project6 Pollution from land-based sources Microbiological contaminants, Marine litter Industrial waste discharge Ports waste

UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project7 Alteration in river flow and sediment loads River -Coast Interactions

UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project8 Emerging issues: Climate Change

Nairobi Convention THE CONVENTION THE ROLE OF SHIPPING &PORTS Articles 5 Pollution from ships Article 6: Pollution caused by dumping waste from ships Article 7 Pollution from land based sources Article 8: Pollution from sea-bed activities

Nairobi Convention The Convention’s Protocols Legal Frameworks Protocol concerning protected areas and wild fauna and flora in Eastern African region Protocol concerning cooperation in combating marine pollution in cases of emergency in the Eastern African Region (marine pollution) – oil spills and other harmful substances Protocol concerning land based sources and activities of pollution negotiated and adopted 1 April 2010 Strategic Action Programme____ endorsed 1 April 2010

Nairobi Convention Emergency Protocol Protocol concerning cooperation in combating marine pollution in cases of emergency –Take all necessary measures to prevent, remedy and protect marine and coastal environment –Establish and maintain means of responding to marine pollution incidents and reduce risk –Enact relevant legislation, prepare contingency plans

Nairobi Convention Partnership with International Maritime Organisation (IMO) Technical assistance to individual countries for strengthening marine pollution responses capabilities –Prevention, reduction and control of marine pollution Assessment of problems relating to contingency plans development, sensitivity maps Assessment of regional capability to deal with marine pollution Upgrade countries pollution preparedness and response capabilities

13 Strategic Action Programme for the Protection of the Western Indian Ocean Coastal and Marine Environment from Land-based Sources and Activities “People of the region prospering from a healthy Western Indian Ocean” Promote sustainable development in the WIO Region by strengthening the management of coastal and marine resources, on the basis of an ecosystem-based management approach

Nairobi Convention 14 Strategic Components/Environmental Quality Objectives Frame of reference for regional harmonisation and coordination of transboundary efforts By 2035 in the WIO region: A.Critical coastal habitats will be protected, restored and managed for sustainable use; B.Water quality will meet international standards; and C.River flows will be wisely and sustainably managed By 2015, there will be: D.Effective collaboration at regional level in addressing transboundary challenges (Governance)

Nairobi Convention 15 National roll-out A new Protocol on Land- based Sources and Activities for the Nairobi Convention A Strategic Action Programme on Land-based Sources and Activities Management Mainstreaming Land-based Sources and Activities Management at the National Level 1.Mainstreaming into national development plans 2.Development of partnerships for SAP implementation 3.Development of concrete proposals for donor/partner support 4.Monitoring and evaluation of SAP implementation

The Role of Ports and Maritime Transport Ports play an important role in sustaining national economies international/regional trade Role to play in restoring water quality and therefore sustaining marine biodiversity, ecological services- livelihoods(fish stocks, human health, tourism) Minimise impact of port development Environmental performance Adequate contingency plans Sensitivity mapping Reception facilities for oil waste

Nairobi Convention Environmental Management of areas and activities within ports (water, land, air), Through controlled chemical pollution (suspended solids); solid waste management: marine litter Port reception facilities (transport, handling and storage); Ballast water management; Port expansion developments (habitat alteration and destruction) Key Principles for Port and Harbour Development: good mgt practices in planning, design and management (GPA/UNEP) –Environmentally accountable, E performance, EIA, networks, partnerships

Nairobi Convention 18 Partnership for a healthy Western Indian Ocean Strategic Action Programme for the Protection of the Western Indian Ocean Coastal and Marine Environment from Land-based Sources and Activities

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