Bell Ringer [3 Minutes] Biochemistry Vocabulary Cloze

MYP Biology: Atomic Structure Unit 3: Life Takes Chemistry

Anything with mass and volume (it “takes up space”) Made up of atoms What is Matter? Anything with mass and volume (it “takes up space”) Made up of atoms The outlines of Silicon atoms as seen through a Scanning-Tunneling Microscope

What is Matter? 4 main states of matter: Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

The States of Matter:

What is an Atom? PROTON (+) NEUTRON (no charge) ELECTRON (-) Atoms are the smallest particle units of MATTER—EVERYTHING is made of atoms Made of three ‘subatomic’ particles: PROTON (+) NEUTRON (no charge) ELECTRON (-)

What is an Atom? The NUCLEUS, or the core of the atom, contains PROTONS and NEUTRONS Electrons orbit the nucleus at different energy levels. This is called the ELECTRON CLOUD

What is an Atom? ELECTRONS Nucleus: PROTONS & NEUTRONS ELECTRON CLOUD

What is an Element? An element is a substance made up of ONE type of atom, EX:

What is an Element? Nearly 100 naturally-occurring elements (plus nearly 20 more synthetic ones) All known elements organized in Periodic Table

10,000,000,000+ cells What is an Element? Oxygen (O), Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Nitrogen (N) make up 96% of the human body: 10,000,000,000+ cells 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000+ atoms

Meet the Elements: Iodine Needed by humans and other higher animals for thyroid hormones which regulate metabolism Today, most salt is “iodized”

Meet the Elements: Neon Chemically ‘inert’ (does not react) Produces red-orange light in ‘neon’ signs—also used in T.V. tubes

Meet the Elements: Carbon A building-block of all organisms—also makes up graphite and diamonds

Meet the Elements: Iron Common metal used in industry Helps red blood cells bind and carry oxygen through body

Meet the Elements: Calcium Most abundant metal in most animals “Builds strong bones” (99% of human Calcium is stored in bones and teeth) and helps blood clotting

What is an Ion? An atom that has lost or gained electrons to take on a positive or negative charge Cl - A Chloride ion Na + A Sodium ion

How do Atoms Combine? Atoms link together by forming chemical BONDS Two main types of bonds: Ionic Bonds Based on the electrical force between oppositely-charged ions Covalent Bonds  Electrons are shared between atoms

What is a Molecule? Two or more atoms are joined by COVALENT bonds to form a MOLECULE

CO₂ H₂O SiO₄ NaCl What is a Compound? Compounds are molecules made up of atoms of DIFFERENT elements bonded together SiO₄ H₂O CO₂ NaCl

How are Elements Organized? Periodic Table

There are 3 main types of elements in the Periodic Table:

How are Elements Organized? Atomic Number: Number of Protons Symbol Full Name Avg. Atomic Mass: Number of Protons + Neutrons

How are Elements Organized? Atomic Number tells the number of PROTONS and ELECTRONS in the atom Atomic Mass tells the number of PROTONS plus the amount of NEUTRONS since these are the only two particles with a significant mass.

Elements are arranged in the Periodic Table order of Atomic Number. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

5 6 Now, some Periodic Math! BORON How many protons? How many electrons? How many neutrons? (round atomic mass to nearest whole number—11)? 6 BORON

10 10 3 7 1 10 20 Ne 3 4 Li 1 H ATOMIC NUMBER PROTONS NEUTRONS ATOMIC MASS ELEMENT 10 20 Ne 3 4 Li 1 H 10 10 3 7 1

Understanding Check! Which of the following is made up of CELLS?

Understanding Check! Which of the following is made up of ATOMS?

Proton Neutron Electron Understanding Check! Three particles of the ATOM? Proton Neutron Electron

O¯ CO₂ O O₃ Understanding Check! Compound, Ion, Element, or Molecule…? Oxide CO₂ Carbon Dioxide O Oxygen O₃ Ozone

C + O₂ = CO₂ Na + Cl¯ = NaCl Understanding Check! + IONIC BOND or COVALENT BOND? + Na + Cl¯ = NaCl C + O₂ = CO₂

THE END